Institut für Bodenkunde und Standortslehre

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Bayesian inference of root architectural model parameters from synthetic field data
(2021) Morandage, Shehan; Laloy, Eric; Schnepf, Andrea; Vereecken, Harry; Vanderborght, Jan
Background and aims: Characterizing root system architectures of field-grown crops is challenging as root systems are hidden in the soil. We investigate the possibility of estimating root architecture model parameters from soil core data in a Bayesian framework. Methods: In a synthetic experiment, we simulated wheat root systems in a virtual field plot with the stochastic CRootBox model. We virtually sampled soil cores from this plot to create synthetic measurement data. We used the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) DREAM(ZS) sampler to estimate the most sensitive root system architecture parameters. To deal with the CRootBox model stochasticity and limited computational resources, we essentially added a stochastic component to the likelihood function, thereby turning the MCMC sampling into a form of approximate Bayesian computation (ABC). Results: A few zero-order root parameters: maximum length, elongation rate, insertion angles, and numbers of zero-order roots, with narrow posterior distributions centered around true parameter values were identifiable from soil core data. Yet other zero-order and higher-order root parameters were not identifiable showing a sizeable posterior uncertainty. Conclusions: Bayesian inference of root architecture parameters from root density profiles is an effective method to extract information about sensitive parameters hidden in these profiles. Equally important, this method also identifies which information about root architecture is lost when root architecture is aggregated in root density profiles.
Bias correction and trend analysis of temperature and rainfall in Eastern India
(2024) Srivastava, Rajiv Kumar; Sadhukhan, Biplab; Chakraborty, Arun; Panda, Rabindra Kumar
In this study trend analysis and bias correction have been done for dry (January–May) and wet (June–September) seasons under two future climate period 2021–2050 and 2051–2080 with respect to the current climate period 1980–2012 in Eastern India. The different representative concentration pathways (RCPs) of 2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5 were used to assess the future trend of the study area. Results indicate that the increasing RCP increases temperature (maximum and minimum) in all regions due to higher radiative forces (4–8.5 W/m 2 ) with respect to the baseline temperature during the period 2051–2080. Further, the bias-corrected rainfall has a declined trend with respect to baseline, and RCP’s values for both the time slices (2021–2050 and 2051–2080) showed less scattering in the amount of rainfall for the wet season in comparison to the dry season.
Comprehensive assessment of climate extremes in high-resolution CMIP6 projections for Ethiopia
(2023) Rettie, Fasil M.; Gayler, Sebastian; Weber, Tobias K. D.; Tesfaye, Kindie; Streck, Thilo
Climate extremes have more far-reaching and devastating effects than the mean climate shift, particularly on the most vulnerable societies. Ethiopia, with its low economic adaptive capacity, has been experiencing recurrent climate extremes for an extended period, leading to devastating impacts and acute food shortages affecting millions of people. In face of ongoing climate change, the frequency and intensity of climate extreme events are expected to increase further in the foreseeable future. This study provides an overview of projected changes in climate extremes indices based on downscaled high-resolution (i.e., 10 × 10 km2) daily climate data derived from global climate models (GCMs). The magnitude and spatial patterns of trends in the projected climate extreme indices were explored under a range of emission scenarios called Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). The performance of the GCMs to reproduce the observed climate extreme trends in the base period (1983–2012) was evaluated, the changes in the climate projections (2020–2100) were assessed and the associated uncertainties were quantified. Overall, results show largely significant and spatially consistent trends in the projected temperature-derived extreme indices with acceptable model performance in the base period. The projected changes are dominated by the uncertainties in the GCMs at the beginning of the projection period while by the end of the century proportional uncertainties arise both from the GCMs and SSPs. The results for precipitation-related extreme indices are heterogeneous in terms of spatial distribution, magnitude, and statistical significance coverage. Unlike the temperature-related indices, the uncertainty from internal climate variability constitutes a considerable proportion of the total uncertainty in the projected trends. Our work provides a comprehensive insight into the projected changes in climate extremes at relatively high spatial resolution and the related sources of projection uncertainties.
Correction to “The stonesphere in agricultural soils: a microhabitat associated with rock fragments bridging rock and soil”
(2025) Dittrich, Felix; Klaes, Björn; Brandt, Luise; Groschopf, Nora; Thiele‐Bruhn, Sören
Correction to: An overall review on influence of root architecture on soil carbon sequestration potential
(2025) Srivastava, R. K.; Yetgin, Ali
Dependence of the abundance of reed glass-winged cicadas (Pentastiridius leporinus (Linnaeus, 1761)) on weather and climate in the Upper Rhine Valley, Southwest Germany
(2025) Kakarla, Sai Kiran; Schall, Eric; Dettweiler, Anna; Stohl, Jana; Glaser, Elisabeth; Adam, Hannah; Teubler, Franziska; Ingwersen, Joachim; Sauer, Tilmann; Piepho, Hans-Peter; Lang, Christian; Streck, Thilo; Guo, Jianying
The planthopper Pentastiridius leporinus , commonly called reed glass-winged cicada, transmits the pathogens “ Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus” and “ Candidatus Phytoplasma solani”, which are infesting sugar beet and, most recently, also potato in the Upper Rhine valley area of Germany. They cause the “Syndrome Basses Richesses” associated with reduced yield and sugar content in sugar beet, leading to substantial monetary losses to farmers in the region. No effective solutions exist currently. This study uses statistical models to understand to what extent the abundance of cicadas depends on climate regions during the vegetation period (April–October). We further investigated what influence temperature and precipitation have on the abundance of the cicadas in sugar beet fields. Furthermore, we investigated the possible impacts of future climate on cicada abundance. Also, 22 °C and 8 mm/day were found to be the optimal temperature and precipitation conditions for peak male cicada flight activity, while 28 °C and 8 mm/day were the optimum for females. By the end of the 21st century, daily male cicada abundance is projected to increase significantly under the worst-case high greenhouse gas emission scenario RCP8.5 (RCP-Representative Concentration Pathways), with confidence intervals suggesting a possible 5–15-fold increase compared to current levels. In contrast, under the low-emission scenario RCP2.6, male cicada populations are projected to be 60–70% lower than RCP8.5. An understanding of the influence of changing temperature and precipitation conditions is crucial for predicting the spread of this pest to different regions of Germany and other European countries.
Diagnosing similarities in probabilistic multi-model ensembles: An application to soil–plant-growth-modeling
(2022) Schäfer Rodrigues Silva, Aline; Weber, Tobias K. D.; Gayler, Sebastian; Guthke, Anneli; Höge, Marvin; Nowak, Wolfgang; Streck, Thilo
There has been an increasing interest in using multi-model ensembles over the past decade. While it has been shown that ensembles often outperform individual models, there is still a lack of methods that guide the choice of the ensemble members. Previous studies found that model similarity is crucial for this choice. Therefore, we introduce a method that quantifies similarities between models based on so-called energy statistics. This method can also be used to assess the goodness-of-fit to noisy or deterministic measurements. To guide the interpretation of the results, we combine different visualization techniques, which reveal different insights and thereby support the model development. We demonstrate the proposed workflow on a case study of soil–plant-growth modeling, comparing three models from the Expert-N library. Results show that model similarity and goodness-of-fit vary depending on the quantity of interest. This confirms previous studies that found that “there is no single best model” and hence, combining several models into an ensemble can yield more robust results.
Distribution of Al, Fe, Si, and DOC between size fractions mobilised from topsoil horizons with progressing degree of podzolisation
(2022) Krettek, Agnes; Stein, Mathias; Rennert, Thilo
Aluminium, Fe, Si, and dissolved organic C (DOC) accumulate in the subsoil of Podzols after mobilisation in the topsoil. We conducted laboratory experiments with topsoil horizons with progressing degree of podzolisation by irrigation with artificial rainwater at varying intensity and permanence. We monitored the concentrations and distribution of mobilised Al, Fe, Si, and DOC between size fractions (< 1000 Dalton, 1 kDa– < 0.45 µm, and > 0.45 µm). Total eluate concentrations were increased at the onset of the experiments and after the first irrigation interruption, indicating non-equilibrium release. There was no statistical effect of the degree of podzolisation on element concentrations. Release of Al, Fe, and DOC was mostly dominant in the fraction 1 kDa– < 0.45 µm, indicating metals complexed by larger organic molecules and colloids. Silicon released was dominantly monomeric silicic acid < 1 kDa. Particularly with the least podzolised soils, Al and Si concentrations < 1 kDa might have been controlled by short-range ordered aluminosilicates, while their transport in colloidal form was unlikely. Our study pointed to both quantitative and qualitative seasonality of element release during podzolisation, to decoupling of Al and Si release regarding size, and to different minerals that control element release as a function of the degree of podzolisation.
Do agricultural advisory services in Europe have the capacity to support the transition to healthy soils?
(2022) Ingram, Julie; Mills, Jane; Black, Jasmine E.; Chivers, Charlotte-Anne; Aznar-Sánchez, José A.; Elsen, Annemie; Frac, Magdalena; López-Felices, Belén; Mayer-Gruner, Paula; Skaalsveen, Kamilla; Stolte, Jannes; Tits, Mia
The need to provide appropriate information, technical advice and facilitation to support farmers in transitioning towards healthy soils is increasingly clear, and the role of the Agricultural Advisory Services (AAS) in this is critical. However, the transformation of AAS (plurality, commercialisation, fragmentation, decentralisation) brings new challenges for delivering advice to support soil health management. This paper asks: To what extent do agricultural advisory services have the capacity to support the transition to healthy soils across Europe? Using the ‘best fit’ framework, analytical characteristics of the AAS relevant to the research question (governance structures, management, organisational and individual capacities) were identified. Analysis of 18 semi-structured expert interviews across 6 case study countries in Europe, selected to represent a range of contexts, was undertaken. Capacities to provide soil health management (SHM) advice are constrained by funding arrangements, limited adviser training and professional development, adviser motivations and professional cultures, all determined by institutional conditions. This has resulted in a narrowing down of access and content of soil advice and a reduced capacity to support the transition in farming to healthy soils. The extent to which emerging policy and market drivers incentivise enhanced capacities in AAS is an important area for future research.
Drought impacts on plant–soil carbon allocation - integrating future mean climatic conditions
(2025) Leyrer, Vinzent; Blum, Juliette; Marhan, Sven; Kandeler, Ellen; Zimmermann, Telse; Berauer, Bernd J.; Schweiger, Andreas H.; Canarini, Alberto; Richter, Andreas; Poll, Christian
Droughts affect soil microbial abundance and functions—key parameters of plant–soil carbon (C) allocation dynamics. However, the impact of drought may be modified by the mean climatic conditions to which the soil microbiome has previously been exposed. In a future warmer and drier world, effects of drought may therefore differ from those observed in studies that simulate drought under current climatic conditions. To investigate this, we used the field experiment ‘Hohenheim Climate Change,’ an arable field where predicted drier and warmer mean climatic conditions had been simulated for 12 years. In April 2021, we exposed this agroecosystem to 8 weeks of drought with subsequent rewetting. Before drought, at peak drought, and after rewetting, we pulse‐labelled winter wheat in situ with 13CO2 to trace recently assimilated C from plants to soil microorganisms and back to the atmosphere. Severe drought decreased soil respiration (−35%) and abundance of gram‐positive bacteria (−15%) but had no effect on gram‐negative bacteria, fungi, and total microbial biomass C. This pattern was not affected by the mean precipitation regime to which the microbes had been pre‐exposed. Reduced mean precipitation had, however, a legacy effect by decreasing the proportion of recently assimilated C allocated to the microbial biomass C pool (−50%). Apart from that, continuous soil warming was an important driver of C fluxes throughout our experiment, increasing plant biomass, root sugar concentration, labile C, and respiration. Warming also shifted microorganisms toward utilizing soil organic matter as a C source instead of recently assimilated compounds. Our study found that moderate shifts in mean precipitation patterns can impose a legacy on how plant‐derived C is allocated in the microbial biomass of a temperate agroecosystem during drought. The overarching effect of soil warming, however, suggests that how temperate agroecosystems respond to drought will mainly be affected by future temperature increases.
Editorial: Modeling the link between microbial ecology and biogeochemical process dynamics
(2022) Thullner, Martin; Brodie, Eoin L.; Meile, Christof; Pagel, Holger
Effectiveness of bio-effectors on maize, wheat and tomato performance and phosphorus acquisition from greenhouse to field scales in Europe and Israel: a meta-analysis
(2024) Nkebiwe, Peteh Mehdi; Stevens Lekfeldt, Jonas D.; Symanczik, Sarah; Thonar, Cécile; Mäder, Paul; Bar-Tal, Asher; Halpern, Moshe; Biró, Borbala; Bradáčová, Klára; Caniullan, Pedro C.; Choudhary, Krishna K.; Cozzolino, Vincenza; Di Stasio, Emilio; Dobczinski, Stefan; Geistlinger, Joerg; Lüthi, Angelika; Gómez-Muñoz, Beatriz; Kandeler, Ellen; Kolberg, Flora; Kotroczó, Zsolt; Kulhanek, Martin; Mercl, Filip; Tamir, Guy; Moradtalab, Narges; Piccolo, Alessandro; Maggio, Albino; Nassal, Dinah; Szalai, Magdolna Zita; Juhos, Katalin; Fora, Ciprian G.; Florea, Andreea; Poşta, Gheorghe; Lauer, Karl Fritz; Toth, Brigitta; Tlustoš, Pavel; Mpanga, Isaac K.; Weber, Nino; Weinmann, Markus; Yermiyahu, Uri; Magid, Jakob; Müller, Torsten; Neumann, Günter; Ludewig, Uwe; de Neergaard, Andreas
Biostimulants (Bio-effectors, BEs) comprise plant growth-promoting microorganisms and active natural substances that promote plant nutrient-acquisition, stress resilience, growth, crop quality and yield. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of BEs, particularly under field conditions, appears highly variable and poorly quantified. Using random model meta-analyses tools, we summarize the effects of 107 BE treatments on the performance of major crops, mainly conducted within the EU-funded project BIOFECTOR with a focus on phosphorus (P) nutrition, over five years. Our analyses comprised 94 controlled pot and 47 field experiments under different geoclimatic conditions, with variable stress levels across European countries and Israel. The results show an average growth/yield increase by 9.3% (n=945), with substantial differences between crops (tomato > maize > wheat) and growth conditions (controlled nursery + field (Seed germination and nursery under controlled conditions and young plants transplanted to the field) > controlled > field). Average crop growth responses were independent of BE type, P fertilizer type, soil pH and plant-available soil P (water-P, Olsen-P or Calcium acetate lactate-P). BE effectiveness profited from manure and other organic fertilizers, increasing soil pH and presence of abiotic stresses (cold, drought/heat or salinity). Systematic meta-studies based on published literature commonly face the inherent problem of publication bias where the most suspected form is the selective publication of statistically significant results. In this meta-analysis, however, the results obtained from all experiments within the project are included. Therefore, it is free of publication bias. In contrast to reviews of published literature, our unique study design is based on a common standardized protocol which applies to all experiments conducted within the project to reduce sources of variability. Based on data of crop growth, yield and P acquisition, we conclude that application of BEs can save fertilizer resources in the future, but the efficiency of BE application depends on cropping systems and environments.
Effects of Bacillus spp. inoculation on suggested shoot tolerance mechanisms in lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown under iron toxicity
(2025) Weinand, Tanja; Asch, Julia; Asch, Folkard
Background: In areas of lowland rice production, high iron concentrations in the soil often lead to yield reductions. Local adapted varieties possess different adaptation mechanisms, which, however, are not fully understood. Previous studies have shown that endophytic bacteria can influence plant tolerance to abiotic stresses, including iron toxicity. Aim: This study aims at analyzing the effects of different Bacillus isolates on distinct shoot tolerance mechanism in different rice cultivars grown under iron toxicity. Methods: Three lowland rice cultivars, varying in their tolerance against iron toxicity (IR31785‐58‐1‐2‐3‐3, Sahel 108, Suakoko 8), were inoculated with three Bacillus strains (two of B. pumilus and one of B. megaterium ). One week after Bacillus inoculation plants were subjected to high iron levels (1000 ppm) for 7 days. Leaf symptom scoring was used to assess tolerance levels. Activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and guaiacol peroxidase (PRX) were measured by spectrophotometric assays. Transcription of genes related to iron toxicity ( OsFER, OsFRO1, OsNRAMP6 ) was determined by RT‐qPCR. Bacterial production of NO was evaluated by measuring nitrite levels in the culture supernatants. Results: In general, iron toxicity affected the activities of APX, GR, CAT, and PRX but not SOD activity. Only PRX activity in response to iron differed between cultivars with a significantly stronger increase in IR31785‐58‐1‐2‐3‐3. Inoculation with B. pumilus Ni9MO12 led to higher activity of CAT in the leaf sheaths of all cultivars and an increase in GR activity in the sheaths that was significantly higher in Suakoko 8. In the young leaf blades of IR31785‐58‐1‐2‐3‐3, transcription of OsFRO1 and OsNRAMP6 was not significantly affected by Bacillus inoculation, whereas accumulation of OsFER mRNA was significantly higher in iron‐stressed, B. pumilus Ni9MO12 inoculated plants compared to non‐inoculated, non‐iron‐stressed plants. Nitrite concentration as an indicator for NO production was increased in B. pumilus Ni9MO12 culture supernatants. Conclusion: Our results show that in the sensitive cultivar IR31785‐58‐1‐2‐3‐3 tolerance to iron toxicity increases when inoculated with B. pumilus Ni9MO12, coinciding with higher levels of ferritin transcription. NO production by the Bacillus isolate might confer the promotion of OsFER gene transcription in the inoculated plants.
Effects of farmland conversion to orchard or agroforestry on soil organic carbon fractions in an arid desert oasis area
(2022) Wang, Weixia; Ingwersen, Joachim; Yang, Guang; Wang, Zhenxi; Alimu, Aliya
In southern Xinjiang province, northwest China, farmland is undergoing rapid conversion to orchards or agroforestry. This has improved land-use efficiency but has also caused drastic ecological changes in this region. This study investigated the effects of farmland conversion to orchard or agroforestry on soil total organic carbon (TOC) and several soil labile fractions: readily oxidizable carbon (ROC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Soil samples were collected from seven cropping treatments: a monocultured wheat field (Mono), a 5-year-old jujube orchard (5 J), a 5-year-old jujube/wheat alley cropping system (5 JW), a 10-year-old jujube orchard (10 J), a 10-year-old jujube/wheat alley cropping system (10 JW), a 15-year-old jujube orchard (15 J), and a 15-year-old jujube/wheat alley cropping system (15 JW). The results show that the ROC concentrations varied from 0.17 ± 0.09 g/kg to 2.35 ± 0.05 g/kg across all land-use types and soil depths studied. It was higher in the 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layers of treatment 10 JW than in other treatments and significantly greater than in the Mono treatment. The highest value of DOC was reached at 593.04 mg/kg in the 15 JW treatment at 0–10 cm. Labile organic carbon decreased with increasing depth in all treatments. The proportion of ROC and LFOC to TOC decreased with increasing soil depth. In all treatments, the ratio of DOC to TOC generally decreased initially and then increased again with increasing depth. Correlation analysis showed that ROC, LFOC, and DOC were closely correlated with TOC (p < 0.01). The ROC, LFOC, and DOC concentrations were significantly correlated with each other (p < 0.01). Following conversion of farmland to jujube orchard or agroforestry, the content and activity of soil organic carbon tended to increase due to augmentation of plant residues. Thus, jujube orchards and agroforestry systems are effective methods to restore soil organic carbon.
Effects of MCPA and difenoconazole on glyphosate degradation and soil microorganisms
(2024) Mäder, Philipp; Stache, Fabian; Engelbart, Lisa; Huhn, Carolin; Hochmanová, Zuzana; Hofman, Jakub; Poll, Christian; Kandeler, Ellen
Modern agriculture relies heavily on pesticide use to meet the demands of food quality and quantity. Therefore, pesticides are often applied in mixtures, leading to a diverse cocktail of chemicals and their metabolites in soils, which can affect non-target organisms such as soil microorganisms. Pesticides are tested for their single effects, but studies on their interactive effects are scarce. This study aimed to determine the effects of up to three simultaneously applied pesticides on the soil microbial community and on their special function in pesticide degradation. Agricultural soil without previous pesticide application was exposed to different mixtures of the herbicide glyphosate (GLP), the phenoxy herbicide MCPA (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) and the fungicide difenoconazole (DFC) for up to 56 days. Isotopic and molecular methods were used to investigate effects of the mixtures on the microbial community and to follow the mineralization and utilization of GLP. An initial increase in the metabolic quotient by up to 35 % in the presence of MCPA indicated a stress reaction of the microbial community. The presence of multiple pesticides reduced both gram positive bacterial fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) by 13 % and the abundance of microorganisms with the genetic potential for GLP degradation via the AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid) pathway. Both the number of pesticides and the identities of individual pesticides played major roles. Surprisingly, an increase in 13C-labelled GLP mineralization of up to 40 % was observed while carbon use efficiency (CUE) decreased. Interactions between multiple pesticides might alter the behavior of individual pesticides and be reflected in the microbial community. Our results highlight the importance of investigating not only single pesticides, but also pesticide mixtures and their interactions.
Estimating effects of ocean environmental conditions on summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) distribution
(2025) Deen, Samar; Jauss, Verena; Sullivan, Patrick J.
The relative abundance of summer flounder ( Paralichthys dentatus ) differs over space and time with changes in environmental factors, such as depth, bottom temperature, sea surface temperature (SST) and bottom salinity. We use the integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) approach to account for the random effects arising from either over-dispersion, or spatial and temporal autocorrelation. We explore how the different assumptions in the spatial temporal models result in varying model predictions. The results indicate that the distribution of summer flounder is correlated with depth, regional increases in bottom temperature, SST and bottom salinity. We find that in the Fall relative abundance increased 10–15% with a 1∘C increase in SST, by 12% with each 1∘C increase in bottom temperature and 3–4% with each meter increase in depth across all models. In the spring, relative abundance increased by about 30% with each 1∘C increase in SST with an upper preferred temperature between 10-20∘C. Our study also shows that models that include spatio-temporally correlated variables can inadvertently be over parameterized when including higher order interaction terms between spatial and temporal random effects. This can lead to inflated variances in the estimates and predictions as well as lengthening model convergence times. Therefore, care should be taken in identifying the level of model complexity given the indirect implications of these results on fisheries management and marine ecology.
Formation of mineral‐associated organic matter in temperate soils is primarily controlled by mineral type and modified by land use and management intensity
(2023) Bramble, De Shorn E.; Ulrich, Susanne; Schöning, Ingo; Mikutta, Robert; Brandt, Luise; Poll, Christian; Kandeler, Ellen; Mikutta, Christian; Konrad, Alexander; Siemens, Jan; Yang, Yang; Polle, Andrea; Schall, Peter; Ammer, Christian; Kaiser, Klaus; Schrumpf, Marion
Formation of mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) supports the accumulation and stabilization of carbon (C) in soil, and thus, is a key factor in the global C cycle. Little is known about the interplay of mineral type, land use and management intensity in MAOM formation, especially on subdecadal time scales. We exposed mineral containers with goethite or illite, the most abundant iron oxide and phyllosilicate clay in temperate soils, for 5 years in topsoils of 150 forest and 150 grassland sites in three regions across Germany. Results show that irrespective of land use and management intensity, more C accumulated on goethite than illite (on average 0.23 ± 0.10 and 0.06 ± 0.03 mg m−2 mineral surface respectively). Carbon accumulation across regions was consistently higher in coniferous forests than in deciduous forests and grasslands. Structural equation models further showed that thinning and harvesting reduced MAOM formation in forests. Formation of MAOM in grasslands was not affected by grazing. Fertilization had opposite effects on MAOM formation, with the positive effect being mediated by enhanced plant productivity and the negative effect by reduced plant species richness. This highlights the caveat of applying fertilizers as a strategy to increase soil C stocks in temperate grasslands. Overall, we demonstrate that the rate and amount of MAOM formation in soil is primarily driven by mineral type, and can be modulated by land use and management intensity even on subdecadal time scales. Our results suggest that temperate soils dominated by oxides have a higher capacity to accumulate and store C than those dominated by phyllosilicate clays, even under circumneutral pH conditions. Therefore, adopting land use and management practices that increase C inputs into oxide-rich soils that are under their capacity to store C may offer great potential to enhance near-term soil C sequestration.
A global database of soil microbial phospholipid fatty acids and enzyme activities
(2025) van Galen, Laura G.; Smith, Gabriel Reuben; Margenot, Andrew J.; Waldrop, Mark P.; Crowther, Thomas W.; Peay, Kabir G.; Jackson, Robert B.; Yu, Kailiang; Abrahão, Anna; Ahmed, Talaat A.; Alatalo, Juha M.; Anslan, Sten; Anthony, Mark A.; Araujo, Ademir Sergio Ferreira; Ascher-Jenull, Judith; Bach, Elizabeth M.; Bahram, Mohammad; Baker, Christopher C. M.; Baldrian, Petr; Bardgett, Richard D.; Barrios-Garcia, M. Noelia; Bastida, Felipe; Beggi, Francesca; Benning, Liane G.; Bragazza, Luca; Broadbent, Arthur A. D.; Cano-Díaz, Concha; Cates, Anna M.; Cerri, Carlos E. P.; Cesarz, Simone; Chen, Baodong; Classen, Aimeé T.; Dahl, Mathilde Borg; Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel; Eisenhauer, Nico; Evgrafova, Svetlana Yu.; Fanin, Nicolas; Fornasier, Flavio; Francisco, Romeu; Franco, André L. C.; Frey, Serita D.; Fritze, Hannu; García, Carlos; García-Palacios, Pablo; Gómez-Brandón, María; Gonzalez-Polo, Marina; Gozalo, Beatriz; Griffiths, Robert; Guerra, Carlos; Hallama, Moritz; Hiiesalu, Inga; Hossain, Mohammad Zabed; Hu, Yajun; Insam, Heribert; Jassey, Vincent E. J.; Jiang, Lili; Kandeler, Ellen; Kohout, Petr; Kõljalg, Urmas; Krashevska, Valentyna; Li, Xiaofei; Lu, Jing-Zhong; Lu, Xiankai; Luo, Shan; Lutz, Stefanie; Mackie-Haas, Kathleen Allison; Maestre, Fernando T.; Malmivaara-Lämsä, Minna; Mangelsdorf, Kai; Manjarrez, Maria; Marhan, Sven; Martin, Ashley; Mason, Kelly E.; Mayor, Jordan; McCulley, Rebecca L.; Moora, Mari; Morais, Paula V.; Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam; Murugan, Rajasekaran; Nottingham, Andrew T.; Ochoa, Victoria; Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl; Oja, Jane; Olsson, Pål Axel; Öpik, Maarja; Ostle, Nick; Peltoniemi, Krista; Pennanen, Taina; Pescador, David S.; Png, G. Kenny; Poll, Christian; Põlme, Sergei; Potapov, Anton M.; Priemé, Anders; Pritchard, William; Puissant, Jeremy; Rocha, Sandra Mara Barbosa; Rosinger, Christoph; Ruess, Liliane; Sayer, Emma J.; Scheu, Stefan; Sinsabaugh, Robert L.; Slaughter, Lindsey C.; Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A.; Sousa, José Paulo; Stanish, Lee; Sugiyama, Shu-ichi; Tedersoo, Leho; Trivedi, Pankaj; Vahter, Tanel; Voriskova, Jana; Wagner, Dirk; Wang, Cong; Wardle, David A.; Whitaker, Jeanette; Yang, Yuanhe; Zhong, Zhiwei; Zhu, Kai; Ziolkowski, Lori A.; Zobel, Martin; van den Hoogen, Johan
Soil microbes drive ecosystem function and play a critical role in how ecosystems respond to global change. Research surrounding soil microbial communities has rapidly increased in recent decades, and substantial data relating to phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and potential enzyme activity have been collected and analysed. However, studies have mostly been restricted to local and regional scales, and their accuracy and usefulness are limited by the extent of accessible data. Here we aim to improve data availability by collating a global database of soil PLFA and potential enzyme activity measurements from 12,258 georeferenced samples located across all continents, 5.1% of which have not previously been published. The database contains data relating to 113 PLFAs and 26 enzyme activities, and includes metadata such as sampling date, sample depth, and soil pH, total carbon, and total nitrogen. This database will help researchers in conducting both global- and local-scale studies to better understand soil microbial biomass and function.
High-resolution CMIP6 climate projections for Ethiopia using the gridded statistical downscaling method
(2023) Rettie, Fasil M.; Gayler, Sebastian; Weber, Tobias K. D.; Tesfaye, Kindie; Streck, Thilo
High-resolution climate model projections for a range of emission scenarios are needed for designing regional and local adaptation strategies and planning in the context of climate change. To this end, the future climate simulations of global circulation models (GCMs) are the main sources of critical information. However, these simulations are not only coarse in resolution but also associated with biases and high uncertainty. To make the simulations useful for impact modeling at regional and local level, we utilized the bias correction constructed analogues with quantile mapping reordering (BCCAQ) statistical downscaling technique to produce a 10 km spatial resolution climate change projections database based on 16 CMIP6 GCMs under three emission scenarios (SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5). The downscaling strategy was evaluated using a perfect sibling approach and detailed results are presented by taking two contrasting (the worst and best performing models) GCMs as a showcase. The evaluation results demonstrate that the downscaling approach substantially reduced model biases and generated higher resolution daily data compared to the original GCM outputs.
How land-use intensity affects sexual and parthenogenetic oribatid mites in temperate forests and grasslands in Germany
(2021) Wehner, Katja; Schuster, Romina; Simons, Nadja K.; Norton, Roy A.; Blüthgen, Nico; Heethoff, Michael
Intensive land use has been shown to alter the composition and functioning of soil communities. Due to their low dispersal ability, oribatid mites are particularly vulnerable to land-use intensification and species which are not adjusted to management-related disturbances become less abundant. We investigated how different land-use parameters in forests and grasslands affect oribatid mite diversity and abundance, with a focus on: (1) species-level impacts, by classifying species as increasing (‘winners’) or decreasing (‘losers’) in abundance with higher land-use intensity, and (2) reproductive impact, by investigating whether sexual and parthenogenetic species react differently. We collected 32,542 adult oribatid mites in 60 forests and grasslands of known land-use intensity in two regions of Germany. Diversity and total abundance as well as the proportion of sexual species were higher in forests than in grasslands. Diversity declined with higher land-use intensity in forests, but increased with higher mowing and fertilization in grasslands. Depending on land-use parameter and region, abundance either declined or remained unaffected by increasing intensity. Gravidity was higher in sexual than in parthenogenetic species and sexuals had 1.6× more eggs per gravid female. Proportions of sexual species and gravid females decreased with land-use intensity in forests, but increased with mowing in grasslands. At the species level, 75% of sexuals and 87.5% of parthenogens were ‘losers’ of higher percentages of dead wood originating from management-related disturbances. Across land-use parameters and habitats, a similar proportion of sexual and parthenogenetic oribatid mite species were ‘losers’ of high land-use intensity. However, ‘winner’ species were more common among sexuals.

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