Institut für Kulturpflanzenwissenschaften

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Bacterial microbiota diversity and composition in red and white wines correlate with plant-derived DNA contributions and botrytis infection
(2020) Bubeck, Alena M.; Preiss, Lena; Jung, Anna; Dörner, Elisabeth; Podlesny, Daniel; Kulis, Marija; Maddox, Cynthia; Arze, Cesar; Zörb, Christian; Merkt, Nikolaus; Fricke, Florian W.
Wine is a globally produced, marketed and consumed alcoholic beverage, which is valued for its aromatic and qualitative complexity and variation. These properties are partially attributable to the bacterial involvement in the fermentation process. However, the organizational principles and dynamic changes of the bacterial wine microbiota remain poorly understood, especially in the context of red and white wine variations and environmental stress factors. Here, we determined relative and absolute bacterial microbiota compositions from six distinct cultivars during the first week of fermentation by quantitative and qualitative 16S rRNA gene amplification and amplicon sequencing. All wines harboured complex and variable bacterial communities, with Tatumella as the most abundant genus across all batches, but red wines were characterized by higher bacterial diversity and increased relative and absolute abundance of lactic and acetic acid bacteria (LAB/AAB) and bacterial taxa of predicted environmental origin. Microbial diversity was positively correlated with plant-derived DNA concentrations in the wine and Botrytis cinerea infection before harvest. Our findings suggest that exogenous factors, such as procedural differences between red and white wine production and environmental stress on grape integrity, can increase bacterial diversity and specific bacterial taxa in wine, with potential consequences for wine quality and aroma.
A comparative life cycle assessment of a new cellulose-based composite and glass fibre reinforced composites
(2023) Liu, Yuanxi; Lask, Jan; Kupfer, Robert; Gude, Maik; Feldner, Alexander; Liu, Yuanxi; Neutral Lightweight Engineering, Institute of Lightweight Engineering and Polymer Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Lask, Jan; Department of Biobased Resources in the Bioeconomy, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Kupfer, Robert; Neutral Lightweight Engineering, Institute of Lightweight Engineering and Polymer Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Gude, Maik; Neutral Lightweight Engineering, Institute of Lightweight Engineering and Polymer Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Feldner, Alexander; Fibres & Composites, Heidenau, Germany
The use of renewable lightweight materials and the adoption of cleaner production are two effective approaches to reduce resource consumption, which contributes to meeting the industry’s environmental impact targets. In a previous study we found, that a miscanthus fibre reinforced cellulose acetate (CA-Miscanthus, 25 wt.%) can be a bio-based alternative to glass fibre reinforced polypropylene (PP-GF, 20 wt.%), as both materials exhibit similar mechanical properties. However, only limited information on the environmental benefits of using bio-based composites instead of their petroleum-based counterparts are available. In this study, we compare the environmental impact of ready to use compound of both materials in the cradle to gate system boundaries, including fibre cultivation, fractionation and refining, fibre pretreatment, and compounding. The functional unit is chosen based on the equivalent function of both materials. The environmental impact is determined using the Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) methodology. The results reveal that the CA-Mis composite has a higher environmental impact than the PP-GF composite in all categories observed, despite its biomass origin. As the primary reason for the high impact, the acetic anhydride use during CA production is identified. The study indicates that, though the bio-composite CA-Mis has mechanical properties comparable to PP-GF composites, it is not as eco-friendly as we initially assumed it to be.
The effects of fermentation of Qu on the digestibility and structure of waxy maize starch
(2022) Wu, Wenhao; Zhang, Xudong; Qu, Jianzhou; Xu, Renyuan; Liu, Na; Zhu, Chuanhao; Li, Huanhuan; Liu, Xingxun; Zhong, Yuyue; Guo, Dongwei
The fermentation of Qu (FQ) could efficiently produce enzymatically modified starch at a low cost. However, it is poorly understood that how FQ influences the waxy maize starch (WMS) structure and the digestion behavior. In this study, WMS was fermented by Qu at different time and starches were isolated at each time point, and its physico-chemical properties and structural parameters were determined. Results showed that the resistant starch (RS), amylose content (AC), the average particle size [D(4,3)] the ratio of peaks at 1,022/995 cm–1, and the onset temperature of gelatinization (To) were increased significantly after 36 h. Conversely, the crystallinity, the values of peak viscosity (PV), breakdown (BD), gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH), and the phase transition temperature range (ΔT) were declined significantly after 36 h. It is noteworthy that smaller starch granules were appeared at 36 h, with wrinkles on the surface, and the particle size distribution was also changed from one sharp peak to bimodal. We suggested that the formation of smaller rearranged starch granules was the main reason for the pronounced increase of RS during the FQ process.
Non-destructive near-infrared technology for efficient cannabinoid analysis in cannabis inflorescences
(2024) Rafiq, Hamza; Hartung, Jens; Schober, Torsten; Vogt, Maximilian M.; Carrera, Dániel Árpád; Ruckle, Michael; Graeff-Hönninger, Simone
In the evolving field of cannabis research, scholars are exploring innovative methods to quantify cannabinoids rapidly and non-destructively. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a hand-held near-infrared (NIR) device for quantifying total cannabidiol (total CBD), total delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (total THC), and total cannabigerol (total CBG) in whole cannabis inflorescences. Employing pre-processing techniques, including standard normal variate (SNV) and Savitzky–Golay (SG) smoothing, we aim to optimize the portable NIR technology for rapid and non-destructive cannabinoid analysis. A partial least-squares regression (PLSR) model was utilized to predict cannabinoid concentration based on NIR spectra. The results indicated that SNV pre-processing exhibited superior performance in predicting total CBD concentration, yielding the lowest root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 2.228 and the highest coefficient of determination for prediction (R2P) of 0.792. The ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) for total CBD was highest (2.195) with SNV. In contrast, raw data exhibited the least accurate predictions for total THC, with an R2P of 0.812, an RPD of 2.306, and an RMSEP of 1.651. Notably, total CBG prediction showed unique characteristics, with raw data yielding the highest R2P of 0.806. SNV pre-processing emerges as a robust method for precise total CBD quantification, offering valuable insights into the optimization of a hand-held NIR device for the rapid and non-destructive analysis of cannabinoid in whole inflorescence samples. These findings contribute to ongoing efforts in developing portable and efficient technologies for cannabinoid analysis, addressing the increasing demand for quick and accurate assessment methods in cannabis cultivation, pharmaceuticals, and regulatory compliance.

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