Fakultät Agrarwissenschaften

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://hohpublica.uni-hohenheim.de/handle/123456789/9

Die Fakultät entwickelt in Lehre und Forschung nachhaltige Produktionstechniken der Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft. Sie erarbeitet Beiträge für den ländlichen Raum und zum Verbraucher-, Tier- und Umweltschutz.

Homepage: https://agrar.uni-hohenheim.de/

Browse

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5

An adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) for generalized linear mixed models in one go
(2023) Piepho, Hans‐Peter
The coefficient of determination (R2) is a common measure of goodness of fit for linear models. Various proposals have been made for extension of this measure to generalized linear and mixed models. When the model has random effects or correlated residual effects, the observed responses are correlated. This paper proposes a new coefficient of determination for this setting that accounts for any such correlation. A key advantage of the proposed method is that it only requires the fit of the model under consideration, with no need to also fit a null model. Also, the approach entails a bias correction in the estimator assessing the variance explained by fixed effects. Three examples are used to illustrate new measure. A simulation shows that the proposed estimator of the new coefficient of determination has only minimal bias.
Biometrical tools for heterosis research
(2010) Schützenmeister, André; Piepho, Hans-Peter
Molecular biological technologies are frequently applied for heterosis research. Large datasets are generated, which are usually analyzed with linear models or linear mixed models. Both types of model make a number of assumptions, and it is important to ensure that the underlying theory applies for datasets at hand. Simultaneous violation of the normality and homoscedasticity assumptions in the linear model setup can produce highly misleading results of associated t- and F-tests. Linear mixed models assume multivariate normality of random effects and errors. These distributional assumptions enable (restricted) maximum likelihood based procedures for estimating variance components. Violations of these assumptions lead to results, which are unreliable and, thus, are potentially misleading. A simulation-based approach for the residual analysis of linear models is introduced, which is extended to linear mixed models. Based on simulation results, the concept of simultaneous tolerance bounds is developed, which facilitates assessing various diagnostic plots. This is exemplified by applying the approach to the residual analysis of different datasets, comparing results to those of other authors. It is shown that the approach is also beneficial, when applied to formal significance tests, which may be used for assessing model assumptions as well. This is supported by the results of a simulation study, where various alternative, non-normal distributions were used for generating data of various experimental designs of varying complexity. For linear mixed models, where studentized residuals are not pivotal quantities, as is the case for linear models, a simulation study is employed for assessing whether the nominal error rate under the null hypothesis complies with the expected nominal error rate. Furthermore, a novel step within the preprocessing pipeline of two-color cDNA microarray data is introduced. The additional step comprises spatial smoothing of microarray background intensities. It is investigated whether anisotropic correlation models need to be employed or isotropic models are sufficient. A self-versus-self dataset with superimposed sets of simulated, differentially expressed genes is used to demonstrate several beneficial features of background smoothing. In combination with background correction algorithms, which avoid negative intensities and which have already been shown to be superior, this additional step increases the power in finding differentially expressed genes, lowers the number of false positive results, and increases the accuracy of estimated fold changes.
Cannings models, population size changes and multiple-merger coalescents
(2020) Freund, Fabian
Multiple-merger coalescents, e.g. Λ-n-coalescents, have been proposed as models of the genealogy of n sampled individuals for a range of populations whose genealogical structures are not captured well by Kingman’s n-coalescent. Λ-n-coalescents can be seen as the limit process of the discrete genealogies of Cannings models with fixed population size, when time is rescaled and population size N → ∞. As established for Kingman’s n-coalescent, moderate population size fluctuations in the discrete population model should be reflected by a time-change of the limit coalescent. For Λ-n-coalescents, this has been explicitly shown for only a limited subclass of Λ-n-coalescents and exponentially growing populations. This article gives a more general construction of time-changed Λ-n-coalescents as limits of specific Cannings models with rather arbitrary time changes.
Computational aspects of experimental designs in multiple-group mixed models
(2023) Prus, Maryna; Filová, Lenka
We extend the equivariance and invariance conditions for construction of optimal designs to multiple-group mixed models and, hence, derive the support of optimal designs for first- and second-order models on a symmetric square. Moreover, we provide a tool for computation of D - and L -efficient exact designs in multiple-group mixed models by adapting the algorithm of Harman et al. (Appl Stoch Models Bus Ind, 32:3–17, 2016). We show that this algorithm can be used both for size-constrained problems and also in settings that require multiple resource constraints on the design, such as cost constraints or marginal constraints.
Hierarchical modelling of variance components makes analysis of resolvable incomplete block designs more efficient
(2024) Studnicki, Marcin; Piepho, Hans Peter
The standard approach to variance component estimation in linear mixed models for alpha designs is the residual maximum likelihood (REML) method. One drawback of the REML method in the context of incomplete block designs is that the block variance may be estimated as zero, which can compromise the recovery of inter-block information and hence reduce the accuracy of treatment effects estimation. Due to the development of statistical and computational methods, there is an increasing interest in adopting hierarchical approaches to analysis. In order to increase the precision of the analysis of individual trials laid out as alpha designs, we here make a proposal to create an objectively informed prior distribution for variance components for replicates, blocks and plots, based on the results of previous (historical) trials. We propose different modelling approaches for the prior distributions and evaluate the effectiveness of the hierarchical approach compared to the REML method, which is classically used for analysing individual trials in two-stage approaches for multi-environment trials.

Browse

Browsing Fakultät Agrarwissenschaften by Classification "510"