Institut für Kulturpflanzenwissenschaften

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Browsing Institut für Kulturpflanzenwissenschaften by Person "Afzal, Muhammad"

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    Biochar and slow-releasing nitrogen fertilizers improved growth, nitrogen use, yield, and fiber quality of cotton under arid climatic conditions
    (2021) Manzoor, Sobia; Habib-ur-Rahman, Muhammad; Haider, Ghulam; Ghafoor, Iqra; Ahmad, Saeed; Afzal, Muhammad; Nawaz, Fahim; Iqbal, Rashid; Yasin, Mubashra; ul Haq, Tanveer; Danish, Subhan; Ghaffar, Abdul
    The efficiency of nitrogenous fertilizers in South Asia is on a declining trajectory due to increased losses. Biochar (BC) and slow-releasing nitrogen fertilizers (SRNF) have been found to improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in certain cases. However, field-scale studies to explore the potential of BC and SRNF in south Asian arid climate are lacking. Here we conducted a field experiment in the arid environment to demonstrate the response of BC and SRNF on cotton growth and yield quality. The treatments were comprised of two factors, (A) nitrogen sources, (i) simple urea, (ii)neem-coated urea, (iii)sulfur-coated urea, (iv) bacterial coated urea, and cotton stalks biochar impregnated with simple urea, and (B) nitrogen application rates, N1=160 kg ha-1, N2 = 120 kg ha-1, and N3 = 80 kg ha-1. Different SRNF differentially affected cotton growth, morphological and physiological attributes, and seed cotton yield (SCY). The bacterial coated urea at the highest rate of N application (160 kg ha-1) resulted in a higher net leaf photosynthetic rate (32.8 μmol m-2 s-1), leaf transpiration rate (8.10 mmol s-1), and stomatal conductance (0.502 mol m-2 s-1), while leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), and seed cotton yield (4513 kg ha-1) were increased by bacterial coated urea at 120 kg ha-1 than simple urea. However, low rate N application (80 kg ha-1) of bacterial coated urea showed higher nitrogen use efficiency (39.6 kg SCY kg-1 N). The fiber quality (fiber length, fiber strength, ginning outturn, fiber index, and seed index) was also increased with the high N application rates than N2 and N3 application. To summarize, the bacterial coated urea with recommended N (160 kg ha-1) and 75% of recommended N application (120 kg ha-1) may be recommended for farmers in the arid climatic conditions of Punjab to enhance the seed cotton yield, thereby reducing nitrogen losses.
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    Historic insights and future potential in wheat elaborated using a diverse cultivars collection and extended phenotyping
    (2025) El Hassouni, Khaoula; Afzal, Muhammad; Boeven, Philipp H. G.; Dornte, Jost; Koch, Michael; Pfeiffer, Nina; Pfleger, Franz; Rapp, Matthias; Schacht, Johannes; Spiller, Monika; Sielaff, Malte; Tenzer, Stefan; Thorwarth, Patrick; Longin, C. Friedrich H.; El Hassouni, Khaoula; State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 21, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany; Afzal, Muhammad; State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 21, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany; Boeven, Philipp H. G.; Limagrain GmbH, Salder Str. 4, 31226, Peine-Rosenthal, Germany; Dornte, Jost; Deutsche Saatveredelung AG (DSV), Leutewitz 26, 01665, Kaebschuetztal, Germany; Koch, Michael; Deutsche Saatveredelung AG (DSV), Leutewitz 26, 01665, Kaebschuetztal, Germany; Pfeiffer, Nina; KWS Lochow GmbH, Zuchstation Wetze, 37154, Northeim, Germany; Pfleger, Franz; DIGeFa GmbH, Schützenberg 10, 32756, Detmold, Germany; Rapp, Matthias; W. Von Borries-Eckendorf GmbH & Co. KG (WvB), Hovedisserstr. 94, 33818, Leopoldshöhe, Germany; Schacht, Johannes; Limagrain GmbH, Salder Str. 4, 31226, Peine-Rosenthal, Germany; Spiller, Monika; KWS Lochow GmbH, Zuchstation Wetze, 37154, Northeim, Germany; Sielaff, Malte; Institute for Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany; Tenzer, Stefan; Institute for Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany; Thorwarth, Patrick; State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 21, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany; Longin, C. Friedrich H.; State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 21, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
    Wheat is one of the most important staple crops worldwide. Wheat breeding mainly focused on improving agronomy and techno-functionality for bread or pasta production, but nutrient content is becoming more important to fight malnutrition. We therefore investigated 282 bread wheat cultivars from seven decades of wheat breeding in Central Europe on 63 different traits related to agronomy, quality and nutrients in multiple field environments. Our results showed that wheat breeding has tremendously increased grain yield, resistance against diseases and lodging as well as baking quality across last decades. By contrast, mineral content slightly decreased without selection on it, probably due to its negative correlation with grain yield. The significant genetic variances determined for almost all traits show the potential for further improvement but significant negative correlations among grain yield and baking quality as well as grain yield and mineral content complicate their combined improvement. Thus, compromises in improvement of these traits are necessary to feed a growing global population.