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Institut für Pflanzenbau und Grünland (bis 2010)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hohpublica.uni-hohenheim.de/handle/123456789/42

Nachfolgeinstitut ab 2011: Institut für Landschafts- und Pflanzenökologie

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Browsing Institut für Pflanzenbau und Grünland (bis 2010) by Person "Herndl, Markus"

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    Use of modeling to characterize phenology and associated traits among wheat cultivars
    (2008) Herndl, Markus; Claupein, Wilhelm
    Predicting phenology of wheat is important for many aspects of wheat production as for example facilitating accurate timing of pesticides, fertilizers and irrigation, avoiding stress at critical growth stages, and adapting cultivar characteristics to specific environmental constraints or global changes in climate. The aim of the dissertation was to characterize and test the impact of wheat phenology on agronomic traits through integrated use of crop models and information on the genetic makeup of cultivars. In an initial study, cultivar differences in vernalization requirement, photoperiod response and earliness per se were distinguished by field-based indices and compared with corresponding model parameters in CSM-Cropsim-CERES-Wheat model Version 4.0.2.0. To determine whether field-based indices can provide accurate characterization of vernalization requirement, photoperiod response and earliness per se, 26 winter wheat cultivars were evaluated under field conditions at Ihinger Hof, Germany using two natural photoperiod regimes (from different transplanting dates) and vernalization pre-treatments. Results indicated that combining planting dates with vernalization pre-treatments can permit reliable, quantitative characterization of vernalization requirement, photoperiod response and earliness per se of wheat cultivars. Furthermore, genotypic model parameters appeared to be reliable estimates of cultivar differences in response to vernalization and photoperiod. In a second study, the model parameters for vernalization requirement (P1V) and photoperiod response (P1D) were estimated using gene information. To estimate these model parameters through integrating effects of Vrn and Ppd loci, flowering data obtained for 29 cultivars tested in the International Winter Wheat Performance Nursery (IWWPN) were used. Summarizing, results indicated that gene-based estimation of model coefficients was effective for prediction of phenology over a wide range of environments and appears feasible for studying wheat response to environment. To assist plant breeding with crop models, a possibility could be to assess model parameters for designing improved plant types (ideotypes). CMS-Cropsim-CERES-Wheat was used in a third study to test model parameters concerning plant development and grain yield. In ideotyping sequences, the parameters were varied and the model was run in four different scenarios in the North China Plain. The parameter G1 (corresponding trait: kernel number per spike) showed the highest influence on yield over all scenarios followed by G2 (corresponding trait: kernel weight). Results obtained in this study could help breeders to select the relevant traits and integrate them in their breeding program for a specific population of environments. To investigate the coherences between pre-anthesis phenology and grain protein content in a fourth study the statistical analysis of causal relationships with genotypic model parameters was used. It was tested whether model-based characterizations of vernalization requirement, photoperiod response and earliness per se can help explain genotype x environment interactions for grain protein content. Twenty four winter wheat and five spring wheat cultivars (IWWPN) and twelve winter wheat cultivars (of a two year field study at Ihinger Hof, Germany) were characterized using CSM-Cropsim-CERES-Wheat. Covariance analyses indicated that vernalization requirement, photoperiod response, and earliness per se all influenced grain protein content, but their effects varied with site and year within region. Path analyses using data from two seasons in Germany confirmed that grain protein content increased with a shorter pre-anthesis phase and indicated in accordance with the covariance analyses the environmental dependence of this trait. The results proposed that efforts to improve grain protein content should target levels of vernalization requirement, photoperiod sensitivity and earliness per se to specific populations of environments and seek to reduce the apparent large influence of environment on grain protein content. The improved understanding of traits affecting phenology and the linkage with genotypic model parameters can be applied e.g. in China to solve arising and existing agricultural challenges. Model-based analyses can help adapting cropping systems to global warming. In the North China plain a more accurate timing of N-fertilizers and irrigation, as a result of modeling, can ensure a sustainable resource use while maintaining high yields. Summarizing, the findings of this dissertation showed that traits affecting phenology in wheat can be successfully characterized by field-based indices, genotypic model parameters and gene-based estimates of genotypic model parameters. Furthermore, the research showed how genotypic model parameters can be used for breeding purposes, and to test causal relationships both at regional and local geographic scales.