Browsing by Person "Drochner, Winfried"

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Dose Titration, Tolerance and Compatibility of some Feed Additives in Broiler
(2005) Islam, Khan Md. Shaiful; Drochner, Winfried
In two dose titration studies on chicken for fattening growth promoting efficacy and some aspects of safety of fumaric acid (FA), an approved preservative, and humic acid (HA), approved as veterinary drug, were examined. In a third experiment on chicken for fattening the compatibility of the ionophore coccidiostat semduramicin (AVIAX®), also approved at EU level, with the veterinary antibiotic tiamulin should be investigated. In experiment 1 six diets with increasing FA contents were fed for 26 days to 96 newly hatched male chicks per treatment. Final body weight (feed efficiency) amounted to 1,506 (756), 1,597 (767), 1,532 (754), 1,485 (759), 1,342 (738), and 1,378 g (747 g gain kg-1 feed) for the groups with 0, 1.25, 2.50, 3.75, 5.0, and 7.5 % FA, respectively. The 1.25 % FA group showed significantly (p<0.05) better weight gain than all other groups and better feed efficiency than the groups with 5.0 and 7.5 % FA. Body weight of the 5.0 and 7.5 % FA groups was significantly lower than that of the other groups. The relative organ weight was not affected by the treatment. In experiment 2 six diets containing 0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 g Huminfeed® (74 % humic acid in DM) kg-1, respectively, were fed for 35 days to 80 newly hatched male chicks per treatment. Initially HA depressed weight gain, but recovery started in the third week, so that at the end no significant differences could be observed. But body weight gain was negatively correlated with the HA content of the diets (y (weight gain) = 2327.98 ? 0.0181x (Huminfeed content), r = -.280*). Feed intake was not affected by the treatment. The relative organ weights did not differ among the groups. Experiment 3 (35 days) with a total of 320 female broilers chicks was conducted to study the effect of 25 mg semduramicin kg-1 feed and the potential interference between semduramicin and tiamulin on zootechnical parameters (10 replicates with 8 chicks each), haematology, blood routine biochemistry and health status (1 chick per replicate). Tiamulin medication (250 mg L-1 water) from day 15 to 19 reduced significantly water intake, especially when concurrently given to birds fed semduramicin. Also feed intake was depressed in that period. Body weight gain of the semduramicin/tiamulin group in the third week was affected too. After 35 days, body weight (feed efficiency) was 2,062 (665), 2,067 (669), 2,084 (678), and 2,008 g (679 g gain kg-1 feed) for the control, the tiamulin, the semduramicin and the semduramicin/tiamulin group, respectively. All data obtained form haematology, blood biochemnistry ad pathology did not give evidence for any adverse influence of the coadministration of tiamulin and semduramicin. After a withdrawal period 20 broilers from the control and the semduramicin group were slaughtered and examined for product quality. No treatment effects (P>0.05) on hot carcass weight, viscera, dressing percentage, edible portions (breast muscles, haunch), fat and skin portions were seen. Also the sensory characteristics (juiciness, tenderness, unpleasant pungent aroma, general impression) except the aroma/flavour were not influenced by the treatment.
Untersuchungen zur Belastung von Getreidestroh mit Fusarium-Toxinen und Ochratoxin A in Deutschland mit Verfügbarkeitsstudien
(2011) Sondermann, Sarah; Drochner, Winfried
In a two year enduring nationwide screening experiment, the occurence of 13 trichothecene toxins, as well as zearalenone (ZEA) and ochratoxin A (OA) in crop straw was examined, in order to enable a better assessment of the risk of exposure for farm animals through the intake of the straw. The straw samples were taken according to the ?Futtermittelprobenahme - und Analysenverordnung? and the attached questionnaires were filled out in cooperation with the farmers. Through correlation of the toxin contents with the information of the questionnaire, hints for the influence of measures of cultivation and crop farming on the toxin content of the straw were sought. Additionally, through correlation of the toxin contents with weather data, hints for the influence of the weather on the toxin content of the straw were sought. In plus, information on the occurence of masked toxins in straw should be obtained. With the help of the extensive, nationwide taking of samples, implemented by official samplers, these samples illustrate a representative average for Germany throughout the two years of investigation. A screening of straw samples of different sorts of crop from 2007 and 2008 were examined on a spectrum of 14 Fusarium toxins as well as OA, a macroscopic result for the samples was raised. A statistic evaluation of the data was made. Throughout the two years of investigation, 80 samples of wheat straw, 79 of barley straw, 11 of oat straw, 12 of rye straw, 12 of triticale straw , 1 of spelt straw and 6 of an unknown sort of straw were examined. The macroscopic results for the screening samples revealed a mostly positive figure concerning the food value, on the other hand the figure concerning the average hygienic status showed in 2007 and 2008 an evidence for slight or even distinct hygienic deficiencies. The pollution of the straw samples with a spectrum of Fusarium toxins was verified. Because the average assertained number of cooccuring toxins in the samples was 3, the possibility of a multi toxin exposure of the straw must be considered. DON was concerning the frequency of occurance and the content the dominating toxin. It occured in 83 % of the samples verifiable with an average content of 1234 µg/kg, a median content of 439 µg/kg and a range of variation of 23253 µg/kg. The trichothecenes HT-2, T-2, T-2,4, SCIRP, NIV, 15-ADON and 3-ADON were verifiable in 55, 37, 9, 9, 32, 21 and 9 % of the 201 analysed samples. FUS-X, MAS, DAS, T-2,3 and OA were detected in less than 5 % of the samples, NEO in none of them. ZEA was provable in 46 % of the 201 samples, with contents between 7 and 767 µg/kg. OA was detected in only one of the 201 straw samples, consequently there is no pollution by this storage toxin expected. A different occurence of trichothecene was observed in the 2 years of investigation. In the first year the contents of NIV, 15-ADON and ZEA were higher than in the second year. HT-2 and T-2 were significant or rather tendential existent in a higher number in the year 2008. Altogether, the pollution of the straw was higher in the year 2007, recognizable through the sensorial evaluation as well as trough the analysis of the Fusarium toxins. Wheat- and barley straw exhibited a pollution by different spectra of trichothecene, whereby the results of the two years of investigation coincided well. All in all, significant different contents of the toxins DON, 15-ADON and ZEA with higher contents in the wheat straw and the type-A trichothecenes HT- and T-2 in the barley straw could be detected. These differences in the spectrum of toxins could arose from a population of different species of Fusarium. . The high amounts of samples of wheat- and barley straw allowed a detached evaluation concerning the influences of cultivation and crop farming on the two sorts of straw on the one hand and on the other hand a geographic distribution of the toxins within Germany. The assay of the samples of straw concerning masked toxins were made with the help of chemical and enzymatic hydrolysises and an in vitro - model, which simulates the conditions in the gastro-intestinal tract of a pig. The statistic evaluation of the single experiments delivered no significant differences between the varieties with treatment compared to the varieties without treatment. So a release of possibly existing masked toxins was not verifiable with the applied methods.
Zum Einfluß von mikrobieller Phytase und Calcium auf die Blei-, Cadmium und Zinkretention beim wachsenden Schwein
(1997) Zacharias, Bernhard; Drochner, Winfried
In the present study the influence of microbial phytase and/or calcium supplementation in rations of growing pigs (15 to 30 kg resp. 50 kg) on the retention of lead, cadmium and zinc in kidneys, liver, muscles and bones was investigated. The rations consisted of a barley-soy mixture supplemented with lead, cadmium and zinc either in the form of Pb-, Cd- and Zn-polluted barley or of CdCl2, Pb(CH3COO)2, and ZnSO4. The rations contained an average of 1,45 mg Pb, 0,78 mg Cd, and 55,7 mg Zn per kg dry matter and were given either with or without an addition of 800 U microbial phytase per kg. Compared to the reference group the addition of microbial phytase resulted in diets with a nomal calcium supply (6 g/kg) to a significant increase in the concentration of lead in the phalanx 1 and cadmium in kidneys and liver. The zinc concentration, however, only was increased in tendency in bones and liver. By augmenting the calcium concentration to 12 g/kg it was possible to avoid phytase-induced increase in the retention of lead in phalanx 1 and in the deposition of cadmium in kidneys and liver. For zinc, however, this effect of calcium could not be detected. The higher lead concentration in liver, kidneys and bones after addition of Pb(CH3COO)2 may be due to the 51 higher dietary Pb level as compared to the normally polluted barley rations. The reduced Cd-accumulation in livers and kidneys after feeding CdCl2 supplemented diets with a high calcium level may be explained by an increased formation of insoluble cadmium-calcium-phytate that cannot be hydrolysed by phytase. For the heavy metals lead, cadmium, and zinc the addition of phytase might probably result in an increased metal availability due to phytase-induced hydrolysis of the phytate complex. The effect of a calcium supply exceeding the recommended level may be explained by a reduction in the solubility of phytate which results in a decreased ability of phytate to be splitted by phytase and therefore leads to a reduced