Browsing by Person "Magid, Jakob"

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Effectiveness of bio-effectors on maize, wheat and tomato performance and phosphorus acquisition from greenhouse to field scales in Europe and Israel: a meta-analysis
(2024) Nkebiwe, Peteh Mehdi; Stevens Lekfeldt, Jonas D.; Symanczik, Sarah; Thonar, Cécile; Mäder, Paul; Bar-Tal, Asher; Halpern, Moshe; Biró, Borbala; Bradáčová, Klára; Caniullan, Pedro C.; Choudhary, Krishna K.; Cozzolino, Vincenza; Di Stasio, Emilio; Dobczinski, Stefan; Geistlinger, Joerg; Lüthi, Angelika; Gómez-Muñoz, Beatriz; Kandeler, Ellen; Kolberg, Flora; Kotroczó, Zsolt; Kulhanek, Martin; Mercl, Filip; Tamir, Guy; Moradtalab, Narges; Piccolo, Alessandro; Maggio, Albino; Nassal, Dinah; Szalai, Magdolna Zita; Juhos, Katalin; Fora, Ciprian G.; Florea, Andreea; Poşta, Gheorghe; Lauer, Karl Fritz; Toth, Brigitta; Tlustoš, Pavel; Mpanga, Isaac K.; Weber, Nino; Weinmann, Markus; Yermiyahu, Uri; Magid, Jakob; Müller, Torsten; Neumann, Günter; Ludewig, Uwe; de Neergaard, Andreas
Biostimulants (Bio-effectors, BEs) comprise plant growth-promoting microorganisms and active natural substances that promote plant nutrient-acquisition, stress resilience, growth, crop quality and yield. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of BEs, particularly under field conditions, appears highly variable and poorly quantified. Using random model meta-analyses tools, we summarize the effects of 107 BE treatments on the performance of major crops, mainly conducted within the EU-funded project BIOFECTOR with a focus on phosphorus (P) nutrition, over five years. Our analyses comprised 94 controlled pot and 47 field experiments under different geoclimatic conditions, with variable stress levels across European countries and Israel. The results show an average growth/yield increase by 9.3% (n=945), with substantial differences between crops (tomato > maize > wheat) and growth conditions (controlled nursery + field (Seed germination and nursery under controlled conditions and young plants transplanted to the field) > controlled > field). Average crop growth responses were independent of BE type, P fertilizer type, soil pH and plant-available soil P (water-P, Olsen-P or Calcium acetate lactate-P). BE effectiveness profited from manure and other organic fertilizers, increasing soil pH and presence of abiotic stresses (cold, drought/heat or salinity). Systematic meta-studies based on published literature commonly face the inherent problem of publication bias where the most suspected form is the selective publication of statistically significant results. In this meta-analysis, however, the results obtained from all experiments within the project are included. Therefore, it is free of publication bias. In contrast to reviews of published literature, our unique study design is based on a common standardized protocol which applies to all experiments conducted within the project to reduce sources of variability. Based on data of crop growth, yield and P acquisition, we conclude that application of BEs can save fertilizer resources in the future, but the efficiency of BE application depends on cropping systems and environments.
Sustainable growth of organic farming in the EU requires a rethink of nutrient supply
(2024) Reimer, Marie; Oelofse, Myles; Müller-Stöver, Dorette; Möller, Kurt; Bünemann, Else K.; Bianchi, Silvia; Vetemaa, Airi; Drexler, Dóra; Trugly, Bence; Raskin, Ben; Blogg, Hugh; Rasmussen, Anton; Verrastro, Vincenzo; Magid, Jakob; Reimer, Marie; Institute of Crop Science, Fertilization and Soil Matter Dynamics, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 20, 77593, Stuttgart, Germany; Oelofse, Myles; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Müller-Stöver, Dorette; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Möller, Kurt; Institute of Crop Science, Fertilization and Soil Matter Dynamics, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 20, 77593, Stuttgart, Germany; Bünemann, Else K.; Department of Soil Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, Box 219, Ackerstrasse 113, 5070, Frick, Switzerland; Bianchi, Silvia; Department of Soil Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, Box 219, Ackerstrasse 113, 5070, Frick, Switzerland; Vetemaa, Airi; Estonian Organic Farming Foundation (EOFF), Kungla 1a, 50403, Tartu, Estonia; Drexler, Dóra; Hungarian Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Miklós Tér 1, 1033, Budapest, Hungary; Trugly, Bence; Hungarian Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Miklós Tér 1, 1033, Budapest, Hungary; Raskin, Ben; Soil Association, Spear House, 51 Victoria Street, BS1 6AD, Bristol, UK; Blogg, Hugh; Soil Association, Spear House, 51 Victoria Street, BS1 6AD, Bristol, UK; Rasmussen, Anton; Innovation Centre for Organic Farming, Agro Food Park 26, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark; Verrastro, Vincenzo; Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Valenzano (IAM-B), Italy; Magid, Jakob; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
The European Commission recently set a target of increasing the area of organic agriculture to 25% by 2030. To achieve this, it is imperative to understand current nutrient use patterns and identify sustainable nutrient supply opportunities. To that end, this study assessed the sustainability of the current nutrient origin and supply of 71 arable organic farms in 8 European regions. Deficient nutrient supply was found on 24%, 66%, and 56% of farms for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively. On average, we show a moderate surplus for nitrogen (28 kg ha −1 ), while phosphorus and potassium balances were close to zero (− 1 and 2 kg ha −1 , respectively). Large variation between countries and farm types shows a divide between more intensive systems relying on external inputs, and less intensive systems facing nutrient deficits and lower outputs. We show, for the first time, the extent of current use of external input types, where conventional manures supplied 17–26% of external nutrients and inputs from non-agricultural origin supplied 31–41%. A large proportion of nutrient sources within the last group are materials derived from urban wastes. The sustainable expansion of the organic sector will require increased use of locally available recycled fertilizers from urban wastes, and acceptance of such sources by organic farmers is shown to be high, provided they are considered safe.
Urban waste fertilizer: effects on yield, nutrient dynamics, and potentially toxic element accumulation
(2025) Reimer, Marie; Möller, Kurt; Magid, Jakob; Bruun, Sander; Reimer, Marie; Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark; Möller, Kurt; Institute of Crop Science, Fertilization and Soil Matter Dynamics (340i), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 20, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany; Magid, Jakob; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Bruun, Sander; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
Recycling nutrients contained in urban wastes to agriculture is essential in a circular economy. This study simultaneously compares different recycled fertilizers (household waste compost, sewage sludge, human urine) with mineral fertilization and animal manures. Tested were their long-term effects on yield, nutrient budgets, potentially toxic element (PTE) accumulation, and nitrogen (N)/carbon (C) cycle (among others N efficiency, N losses, soil C). Therefore, data from a long-term field trial and predictions from the soil–plant-atmosphere model Daisy were evaluated. Based on trial data, human urine performed similar to the mineral fertilization for yield, N efficiency (mineral fertilizer equivalent (MFE) = 81%), and nutrient budget, while sewage sludge and compost were comparable to animal manures in terms of having lower yields, N efficiencies (MFE 70% and 19% respectively) and higher nutrient imbalances, especially P and S surpluses. Compost and sewage sludge applications resulted in net PTE inputs. Yet, plant uptake and soil accumulation seemed neglectable. Model outputs predicted N losses of 34–55% of supplied N. Losses were highest for compost, followed by deep litter, manure, sewage sludge, human urine, mineral fertilization, and slurry. Nitrate leaching was the main loss pathway (14–41% of N input). Within the compost and straw-rich manure fertilization, about 25% of applied N was stored in the soil which was accompanied by an increase in soil C. The study suggests substitution of established fertilizers with recycled ones is feasible. Thereby each fertilizer has advantages and disadvantages and thus should be utilized according to its strength or in mixtures.