Browsing by Person "Richter, Matthias"

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Die Bedeutung städtischer Gliederungsmuster für das Vorkommen von Pflanzenarten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. - dargestellt am Beispiel Stuttgart
(2002) Richter, Matthias; Böcker, Reinhard
The relevance of urban landuse patterns and ecological factors for the occurrence of spontaneously and subspontaneously growing plant species is the subject of this doctoral thesis. First a model of scales for urban ecological research is introduced in order to structure the different hypotheses. This model distinguishes between the agglomeration Stuttgart, separated in main ?landuse types? (forest, agricultural area, settlement), the central city of Stuttgart, "building structure/free space types" and ?types of soil use?. The types of soil use (e.g. lawns, bushes, flower-beds or pavements) are characterised by the most frequent plant species. Moreover their soils are analysed and they are described climatically. In cities average types of soil use (concerning the chemical characterisation of soils) are wide-spread. Some plant species (e.g. Paulownia tomentosa) are described more in detail, concerning their ecological traits and their preferential occurrence on each spacial scale. The hypothesis is tested: If there is a dependence - of plant species and phytocoenoses on types of soil use - and of types of soil use on building structure/free space types - and of building structure/free space types on their location within the city centre, - then there is a dependence of plant species and their phytocoenoses on the location within the city. To test this hypothesis, some building structure/free space types and types of soil use were selected at random and there vegetation relevés were collected. An attempt is made to construct an improved model of a big city, representing an agglomeration. On the spatial level of the agglomeration Stuttgart Paulownia tomentosa can be found neither in forests nor in agricultural area. It is growing within settlements only, namely within the central built-up areas of Stuttgart, Feuerbach and Bad Cannstatt. The city centre of Stuttgart can be divided into three zones: the central business district with big department stores and banking houses, bordering on old apartment houses and detached houses (especially at the slopes). Other building structure/free space types (like villas, graveyards, parks, or industrial areas) are mingled in these zones. A scheme is outlined which shows how the different building structure/free space types are scattered over the central city. Paulownia tomentosa can be detected most frequently within the zone of old apartment houses. Historical and climatological reasons are important for this result, too. More than 90% of the sites where Paulownia tomentosa is growing are cracks: cracks along the bottom of buildings, gravelled area and urban wasteland. The sites are characterised by a low level of nutrients, high pH-values and soils which extremely dry out in summer. So the occurrence of the species depends on the presence of special types of soil use. A low intensity of gardencare is a further important factor for its presence. Paulownia tomentosa is an exemplification showing how the ecological traits of a species and its dependence from the presence of structural types can be used to find the places where it is growing. In the case of Paulownia this attempt can be used to forecast the expected further spread.