Browsing by Person "Schacht, Johannes"

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Historic insights and future potential in wheat elaborated using a diverse cultivars collection and extended phenotyping
(2025) El Hassouni, Khaoula; Afzal, Muhammad; Boeven, Philipp H. G.; Dornte, Jost; Koch, Michael; Pfeiffer, Nina; Pfleger, Franz; Rapp, Matthias; Schacht, Johannes; Spiller, Monika; Sielaff, Malte; Tenzer, Stefan; Thorwarth, Patrick; Longin, C. Friedrich H.
Wheat is one of the most important staple crops worldwide. Wheat breeding mainly focused on improving agronomy and techno-functionality for bread or pasta production, but nutrient content is becoming more important to fight malnutrition. We therefore investigated 282 bread wheat cultivars from seven decades of wheat breeding in Central Europe on 63 different traits related to agronomy, quality and nutrients in multiple field environments. Our results showed that wheat breeding has tremendously increased grain yield, resistance against diseases and lodging as well as baking quality across last decades. By contrast, mineral content slightly decreased without selection on it, probably due to its negative correlation with grain yield. The significant genetic variances determined for almost all traits show the potential for further improvement but significant negative correlations among grain yield and baking quality as well as grain yield and mineral content complicate their combined improvement. Thus, compromises in improvement of these traits are necessary to feed a growing global population.
Large-scale genotyping and phenotyping of a worldwide winter wheat genebank for its use in pre-breeding
(2022) Schulthess, Albert W.; Kale, Sandip M.; Zhao, Yusheng; Gogna, Abhishek; Rembe, Maximilian; Philipp, Norman; Liu, Fang; Beukert, Ulrike; Serfling, Albrecht; Himmelbach, Axel; Oppermann, Markus; Weise, Stephan; Boeven, Philipp H. G.; Schacht, Johannes; Longin, C. Friedrich H.; Kollers, Sonja; Pfeiffer, Nina; Korzun, Viktor; Fiebig, Anne; Schüler, Danuta; Lange, Matthias; Scholz, Uwe; Stein, Nils; Mascher, Martin; Reif, Jochen C.
Plant genetic resources (PGR) stored at genebanks are humanity’s crop diversity savings for the future. Information on PGR contrasted with modern cultivars is key to select PGR parents for pre-breeding. Genotyping-by-sequencing was performed for 7,745 winter wheat PGR samples from the German Federal ex situ genebank at IPK Gatersleben and for 325 modern cultivars. Whole-genome shotgun sequencing was carried out for 446 diverse PGR samples and 322 modern cultivars and lines. In 19 field trials, 7,683 PGR and 232 elite cultivars were characterized for resistance to yellow rust - one of the major threats to wheat worldwide. Yield breeding values of 707 PGR were estimated using hybrid crosses with 36 cultivars - an approach that reduces the lack of agronomic adaptation of PGR and provides better estimates of their contribution to yield breeding. Cross-validations support the interoperability between genomic and phenotypic data. The here presented data are a stepping stone to unlock the functional variation of PGR for European pre-breeding and are the basis for future breeding and research activities.
Mapping rust resistance in European winter wheat: many QTLs for yellow rust resistance, but only a few well characterized genes for stem rust resistance
(2024) Miedaner, Thomas; Eckhoff, Wera; Flath, Kerstin; Schmitt, Anne-Kristin; Schulz, Philipp; Schacht, Johannes; Boeven, Philipp; Akel, Wessam; Kempf, Hubert; Gruner, Paul
Key message: Stem rust resistance was mainly based on a few, already known resistance genes; for yellow rust resistance there was a combination of designated genes and minor QTLs. Abstract: Yellow rust (YR) caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici ( Pst ) and stem rust (SR) caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici ( Pgt ) are among the most damaging wheat diseases. Although, yellow rust has occurred regularly in Europe since the advent of the Warrior race in 2011, damaging stem rust epidemics are still unusual. We analyzed the resistance of seven segregating populations at the adult growth stage with the parents being selected for YR and SR resistances across three to six environments (location–year combinations) following inoculation with defined Pst and Pgt races. In total, 600 progenies were phenotyped and 563 were genotyped with a 25k SNP array. For SR resistance, three major resistance genes ( Sr24 , Sr31 , Sr38/Yr17 ) were detected in different combinations. Additional QTLs provided much smaller effects except for a gene on chromosome 4B that explained much of the genetic variance. For YR resistance, ten loci with highly varying percentages of explained genetic variance (pG, 6–99%) were mapped. Our results imply that introgression of new SR resistances will be necessary for breeding future rust resistant cultivars, whereas YR resistance can be achieved by genomic selection of many of the detected QTLs.