Browsing by Person "Wilde, Peer"

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Correction: Miedaner et al. Effective pollen-fertility restoration is the basis of hybrid rye Production and ergot mitigation. Plants 2022, 11, 1115
(2023) Miedaner, Thomas; Korzun, Viktor; Wilde, Peer
Effective pollen-fertility restoration is the basis of hybrid rye production and ergot mitigation
(2022) Miedaner, Thomas; Korzun, Viktor; Wilde, Peer
Hybrid rye breeding leads to considerably higher grain yield and a higher revenue to the farmer. The basis of hybrid seed production is the CMS-inducing Pampa (P) cytoplasm derived from an Argentinean landrace and restorer-to-fertility (Rf) genes. European sources show an oligogenic inheritance, with major and minor Rf genes, and mostly result in low-to-moderate pollen-fertility levels. This results in higher susceptibility to ergot (Claviceps purpurea) because rye pollen and ergot spores are in strong competition for the unfertilized stigma. Rf genes from non-adapted Iranian primitive rye and old Argentinean cultivars proved to be most effective. The major Rf gene in these sources was localized on chromosome 4RL, which is also a hotspot of restoration in other Triticeae. Marker-based introgression into elite rye materials led to a yield penalty and taller progenies. The Rfp1 gene of IRAN IX was fine-mapped, and two linked genes of equal effects were detected. Commercial hybrids with this gene showed a similar low ergot infection when compared with population cultivars. The task of the future is to co-adapt these exotic Rfp genes to European elite gene pools by genomic-assisted breeding.
Ergot infection in winter rye hybrids shows differential contribution of male and female genotypes and environment
(2020) Kodisch, Anna; Wilde, Peer; Schmiedchen, Brigitta; Fromme, Franz-Joachim; Rodemann, Bernd; Tratwal, Anna; Oberforster, Michael; Wieser, Franz; Schiemann, Andrea; Jørgensen, Lise Nistrup; Miedaner, Thomas
Contamination of ergot (Claviceps purpurea) in grains continues to be a problem in outcrossing plants like rye, especially in years of favorable infection (cold, rainy) conditions. The problem is not the yield loss, but the contamination of the grains by toxic alkaloids leading to strict critical values within the European Union. This study was conducted to (1) partition the variation of genotype, inoculation treatments and environment for ergot infection of 12 winter rye genotypes, (2) the effect of varying proportions of a non-adapted restorer gene on ergot, and to (3) reveal within the genotype the relative importance of male pollen fertility and female receptivity on the ergot reaction of single crosses bearing different restorer genes. In total, 12 rye genotypes and two factorial crossing designs with each of five female and four male lines differing in their restorer genes were tested by artificial infection in up to 16 environments in four European countries. High and significant genotypic variation regarding the ergot severity and pollen-fertility restoration were observed. Furthermore significant general combining ability and specific combining ability variances and interactions with environment were obtained. The pollen-fertility restoration of the male had by far the highest importance for ergot severity, the female component, however, also revealed a significant effect. In conclusion, selecting for superior restoration ability is the most promising way on the short term, but there are also possibilities to improve the maternal site in future breeding programs.