Kompetenzzentrum für Biodiversität und integrative Taxonomie (KomBioTa)

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Market-based instruments for biodiversity in agricultural landscapes: An evaluation of quality criteria in a German case study
(2025) Streit, Lea; Feuerbacher, Arndt; Röhl, Markus
Market-based instruments (MBIs) for the protection and promotion of biodiversity have gained significant importance in recent years. The success of MBIs depends largely on the transparent presentation of their actual effects, which rely on the quality of implementation. Quality criteria can be used to evaluate this. To date, few studies have examined whether and how these criteria are applied. This study seeks to address this gap, by using MBIs in the German agricultural landscape as a case study. Quality criteria were defined on the basis of a literature review; then applied to MBIs identified through an internet search and finally analyzed. Quality criteria related to methodological approaches (implementation, maintenance, used seed mixtures) and quality control (monitoring, localization) are presented less frequently than information on rights and obligations or the use of financial funds. Among the 151 MBIs analyzed, 70% lack control mechanisms and monitoring systems, indicating unverified effectiveness. Additionally, MBIs financed through program approaches are more likely to have control mechanisms and include perennial measures than MBIs funded by direct payments of sponsors or consumers purchasing a product. The development of MBI offerings suggests that there is persistent and growing demand, as some programs have been running for several decades. However, without ecological monitoring, it is not possible to ascertain whether these measures benefit biodiversity. To establish standardized methods for comparing MBIs for biodiversity, policymakers must consider official guidelines and, where appropriate, implement regulatory frameworks.
The potential of farnesene isomer mixtures to support the control of aphids in the cultivation of lettuce crops
(2025) Kuhn, Denise; Bauer, Philipp; Tolasch, Till; Petschenka, Georg; Steidle, Johannes L. M.; Kuhn, Denise; Department of Chemical Ecology 190 T, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany; Bauer, Philipp; Department of Applied Entomology 360 C, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany; Tolasch, Till; Department of Chemical Ecology 190 T, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany; Petschenka, Georg; Department of Applied Entomology 360 C, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany; Steidle, Johannes L. M.; Department of Chemical Ecology 190 T, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
(E)-ß-farnesene (EBF) acts as an alarm pheromone of many aphid species and is also used as an aphid repellent by plants. Upon perception of EBF, aphids exhibit avoidance behavior. They walk away, stop feeding or drop from leaves. Moreover, EBF is an attractant for natural enemies of aphids. However, EBF is not used in pest management because it is expensive in its pure form. Therefore, we assessed the effect of a less expensive farnesene isomer mixture (FIM) on Myzus persicae (Sternorrhyncha: Aphidiae) on lettuce ( Lactuca sativa var. Ulmo) in the laboratory and under field conditions. First, we tested under laboratory conditions if FIM has the same effect on M. persicae as it is described for pure EBF. The aphids were influenced by EBF. They stopped feeding, withdrew their stylets, went away from the danger zone, or developed and reproduced more slowly. Therefore, we studied the behavioral response of the aphids after FIM application and aphid reproduction under permanent exposure of FIM. Second, we tested in the field the reaction to FIM either directly applied to lettuce or released by dispensers. In the lab experiments, we found that M. persicae reacts to FIM by walking away and that reproduction tends to be reduced in the presence of FIM. In the field, we found lower numbers of aphids in the treatments with FIM. In particular, dispenser application caused higher aphid reduction compared to spray application on lettuce. In addition, more natural enemies of aphids could be found in dispenser-treated plots. Taken together, these results indicate that the use of FIM could contribute to insecticide-free aphid control in lettuce, but possibly also in other crops.

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