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    Innovative process chain for the resource-efficient production of biomethane-based fuels
    (2024) Holl, Elena; Lemmer, Andreas
    Biogas is a key component in renewable energy production and holds significant potential for achieving Germany’s climate goals. In the transport sector, where the share of renewa-ble energy was only 6.8% in 2023, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions must be reduced from 147.9 Mt in 2022 to 84 Mt by 2030. Biomethane-based fuels such as bio-LNG and bio-CNG are promising alternatives that are compatible with existing infrastructure and vehicle technologies, already contributing to emission reductions. This study aims to optimize biomethane production through an innovative process chain for decentralized and resource-efficient provision of methane-based fuels. Biogas production was analyzed using two-stage anaerobic digestion (TSAD) to determine optimal substrate compositions and operating parameters. Biogas upgrading was conducted via biological hydrogen methanation (BHM), a power-to-gas technology that enhances process efficiency and economic viability. The results demonstrate that TSAD achieves high methane content (> 60%) even under high organic loads, while BHM performance can be further improved through pressure and temperature optimization. A life cycle assessment (LCA) confirms the efficiency gains of the new process chain compared to conventional methods. The use of renewable energy in process stages has the greatest impact on reducing GHG emissions. Decentralized bio-LNG production from agricultural residues emerges as a feasible solution for producing CO₂-negative fuels.