Institut für Kommunikationswissenschaft

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Cultural differences in social media use, privacy, and self-disclosure : research report on a multicultural study
(2016) Masur, Philipp K.; Trepte, Sabine
This research report presents comparative results from five nations (United States of America, United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands, and China) with regard to social media use, self-disclosure, privacy perceptions and attitudes, and privacy behavior in online environments. The data stemmed from an online survey that was conducted from November, 2011, to December, 2011. Across all five nations, N = 1,800 participants completed the survey. The findings suggest that a broad differentiation between Western and Eastern cultures only partly accounted for differences in social media use and privacy behavior. Rather, the results of this report suggest that European countries (United Kingdom, Germany, and the Netherlands) share similar privacy perceptions and show similar behavioral patterns. Non-European cultures (the USA and China) on the other hand, use social media differently. Participants from European countries had generally smaller audiences on social network sites and microblogging platforms, tended to limit the visibility of their postings and profile information more, and used more privacy settings to safeguard their privacy. In particular, German social media users seemed to be guarded, protective, and rather reluctant to participate in online communication. Users from the US, on the other hand, rated privacy-related behavior as less risky and were hence less likely to imply sophisticated privacy strategies. Apart from these findings, the report also shows that there are more commonalities than differences. People from all five countries think that it is important to protect privacy. Most users consciously decides what to share and what not to share. Accordingly, social media users do not always share intimate and detailed information about their lives.
Meinungsführer in Online-Diskussionsforen
(2016) Scheiko, Ljewin; Schenk, Michael
The study deals with opinion leaders in internet forums. Questions and hypotheses of classical opinion leader studies are transferred and adapted to the specific characteristics of the communication process in internet forums. Due to the width of the field of research, the study is divided into three research areas, each with a specific objective. In the first research area general findings on users of internet forums are obtained. In the second research area opinion leaders are profiled in detail and the relevance of shared information in internet forums is evaluated as well as the degree of influence of opinion leaders on other users is measured. In the third research area, the network structure of internet forums is analyzed and the network positions of opinion leaders are identified. To meet the different objectives optimally, a complex study design, consisting of an Internet-representative online survey and a triangulation of online survey and network analysis, is used.
Privacy, self-disclosure, social support, and social network site use : research report of a three-year panel study
(2013) Trepte, Sabine; Dienlin, Tobias; Reinecke, Leonard
This research report presents data from a study conducted in Germany based on a 3-year panel design. From October 2009 to April 2012, five waves of data collection were established. N = 327 participants from a convenience sample gave answers to questions regarding media use, privacy behaviors, well-being, social support, authenticity, and specific online experiences with a particular emphasis on social network sites (SNSs). It was found that across the 3 years of the study, people increasingly gained online social capital, developed a greater need for privacy, started to disclose more personal information online, and continually spent more time on SNSs. At the same time, people's willingness to disclose information in offline settings as well as their risk assessment of SNSs significantly decreased over time. Furthermore, frequent users of SNSs had more online social capital than less frequent users, disclosed more personal information online, knew more ways to restrict the access to their profiles, and were more authentic in their online profiles. People who had a higher need for privacy were less satisfied with their lives, less authentic in both their personal relationships and their online profiles, and generally showed more negative effects on different psychological variables. Respondents who had more online social capital also reported having more general positive affect and more offline social support. In the research report, further results are reported: Each variable is presented both individually and in context with other measures. The study is the first longitudinal study on online privacy and as such the first to be able to report mutual causalities between online experiences and privacy behaviors.
Der Sleeper Effekt : Theoriekritik und der Versuch eines Nachweises
(2018) Lindemann, Ann-Kathrin; Scheufele, Bertram
The sleeper effect was first described by Hovland, Lumsdaine and Sheffield (1949) in the 1940s. In the study, the influence of a propaganda movie on the attitudes of American soldiers seemed to grow over time: five days after watching the movie, the soldiers were less likely to agree with the movies conclusions than nine weeks later, when they showed a significant attitude change in line with the movies narrative. Consequently, the sleeper effect was defined as a persuasive media effect gaining strength with the passage of time. Despite its long research history, the origin of the sleeper effect is still undetermined (Kumkale & Albarracín, 2004). Therefore, one of the main objectives of this study is an in-depth review of the existing research literature regarding the underlying mechanisms which might cause the effect. Once these basic mechanisms are identified, the second objective is to test these principles in an experimental setting. The present study shows, that neither the order of presentation of the experimental stimuli, nor the extent of pre-existing attitudes have any influence on the sleeper effect - first and foremost, because the sleeper effect failed to occur in this experiment. Therefore, the question on how the sleeper effect is formed remains unsolved.

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