Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hohpublica.uni-hohenheim.de/handle/123456789/20

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Endogenous mucosal phosphatases characterization in duodenum brush border membrane of laying hens
(2025) Hanauska, Anna; Sommerfeld, Vera; Schollenberger, Margit; Huber, Korinna; Rodehutscord, Markus
Chicken mucosal phosphatases can partially degrade phytate contained in the feed. Little is known about the characteristics and degradation products of such mucosal phosphatases and the effects of age and genetic strain of the chicken. The objective of this study was to characterize endogenous mucosal phosphatases of two laying hen strains fed diets with or without mineral phosphorus (P) before and after the onset of egg laying. Hens of the strains Lohmann Brown-classic (LB) and Lohmann LSL-classic (LSL) were sacrificed in weeks 19 and 24 of age after 4 weeks of feeding one of two diets with (P+) or without (P-) mineral P supplement. Mucosa of the duodenum was collected, and the brush border membrane (BBM) of enterocytes was enriched and used for phosphatase activity determination. Additionally, the BBM was used in a modified three-step in vitro assay to study the InsP6 degradation products. The results of both in vitro assays were not significantly affected by hen strain and diet. The activity of mucosal phosphatase in 19-week-old hens was, on average, 0.8 µmol Pi/g BBM protein/min lower than in 24-week-old hens (P < 0.002). Consistently, the InsP6 concentration in the incubation residue was significantly higher in 19-week-old hens than in 24-week-old hens (P < 0.001). In the incubation residue, the concentrations of Ins(1,2,3,4,5)P5, Ins(1,2,3,4,6)P5, and Ins(1,2,3,4)P4 were significantly lower (P ≤ 0.002), and those of InsP3 and InsP2 were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.027) when BBM of 24-week-old hens was used compared to 19-week-old hens. The InsP6 degradation products suggest the activity primarily of a 6- and secondarily of a 5-phytase in the duodenal mucosa. The consistent results from both in vitro assays provide a comprehensive characterization of these enzymes. Under the conditions of this study, small intestine calcium concentration appeared to influence mucosal enzyme activity more than dietary mineral P supplementation.
Host metabolome and faecal microbiome shows potential interactions impacted by age and weaning times in calves
(2023) Amin, Nida; Schwarzkopf, Sarah; Tröscher-Mußotter, Johanna; Camarinha-Silva, Amélia; Dänicke, Sven; Huber, Korinna; Frahm, Jana; Seifert, Jana; Amin, Nida; Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Schwarzkopf, Sarah; Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Tröscher-Mußotter, Johanna; Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Camarinha-Silva, Amélia; Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Dänicke, Sven; Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Brunswick, Germany; Huber, Korinna; Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Frahm, Jana; Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Brunswick, Germany; Seifert, Jana; Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
Background: Calves undergo nutritional, metabolic, and behavioural changes from birth to the entire weaning period. An appropriate selection of weaning age is essential to reduce the negative effects caused by weaning-related dietary transitions. This study monitored the faecal microbiome and plasma metabolome of 59 female Holstein calves during different developmental stages and weaning times (early vs. late) and identified the potential associations of the measured parameters over an experimental period of 140 days. Results: A progressive development of the microbiome and metabolome was observed with significant differences according to the weaning groups (weaned at 7 or 17 weeks of age). Faecal samples of young calves were dominated by bifidobacterial and lactobacilli species, while their respective plasma samples showed high concentrations of amino acids (AAs) and biogenic amines (BAs). However, as the calves matured, the abundances of potential fiber-degrading bacteria and the plasma concentrations of sphingomyelins (SMs), few BAs and acylcarnitines (ACs) were increased. Early-weaning at 7 weeks significantly restructured the microbiome towards potential fiber-degrading bacteria and decreased plasma concentrations of most of the AAs and SMs, few BAs and ACs compared to the late-weaning event. Strong associations between faecal microbes, plasma metabolites and calf growth parameters were observed during days 42–98, where the abundances of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides , and Blautia were positively correlated with the plasma concentrations of AAs, BAs and SMs as well as the live weight gain or average daily gain in calves. Conclusion: The present study reported that weaning at 17 weeks of age was beneficial due to higher growth rate of late-weaned calves during days 42–98 and a quick adaptability of microbiota to weaning-related dietary changes during day 112, suggesting an age-dependent maturation of the gastrointestinal tract. However, the respective plasma samples of late-weaned calves contained several metabolites with differential concentrations to the early-weaned group, suggesting a less abrupt but more-persistent effect of dietary changes on host metabolome compared to the microbiome.
Impact of age and weaning time on the gut microbiome and the potential host-microbe interactions in calves
(2021) Amin, Nida; Seifert, Jana
The period from birth until the end of weaning is critical for calves as they undergo extreme stress caused by maternal separation, transportation, and weaning related dietary shifts, that can cause long-lasting effects on animal behaviour, health as well as future production parameters. Monitoring the development of microbial ecosystem throughout the gastrointestinal tract of calves and host-microbe interactions during the challenging life periods such as perinatal and weaning is essential for sustainable ruminant production. The present thesis provided new insight on the suitability of buccal swabs as an alternative to complex stomach tubing method for predictive analysis of rumen microbial communities. The changes in oral, rumen and faecal microbial community structure of female German Holstein calves from 8-days to 5-months of age as well as during early- and late-weaning event were identified. The oral microbiota plays a crucial role in animal health. A high dominance of oral pathogens was observed during the first 11-weeks of calves’ life. Similar to the oral microbiota, faeces of 8-day-old calves also showed high abundances of certain opportunistic pathogenic bacteria. Both oral and faecal pathogens showed a decrease in abundance with age and after weaning event in the earlyC group, indicating the age and weaning-dependent maturation of the host immune system. The establishment of dense microbial communities in the faeces of 8-day-old (experimental day 1) pooled herd milk and milk replacer fed Holstein calves was shown and it was dominated by phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria and potential lactose- and starch-degrading bacterial species, but as the calves aged and became more mature (5-months of age), their rumen and faecal bacterial communities were dominated by potential fibre-utilizing bacterial genera. The weaning related dietary transitions are critical for calves as their gastrointestinal tract undergoes several modifications, enabling them to digest plant-based diet during the postweaning period. Thus, it was proposed that the age at which animals should be weaned must be carefully considered as it clearly impacted the gastrointestinal tract microbial communities and plasma metabolic profiles of calves in the present study. Early introduction of roughages in the diet of 7-week-old calves increased the abundances of plant fiber degrading bacteria and decreased the abundances of potential lactose- and starch-degrading bacteria in the buccal cavity, rumen and faeces, indicating the weaning-related increase in fiber ingestion and the decrease in milk consumption of the early-weaned group. However, when roughages were introduced in the diet of late-weaned calves at 17-weeks of age, no significant modifications in the structure of gastrointestinal tract microbial communities were observed. Similar to the microbiome, plasma metabolic profiles of early-weaned calves during days 42–112, showed lower concentrations of most of the amino acids, few biogenic amines, and sphingomyelins as compared to the late-weaned calves, suggesting that the liquid diet could provide certain metabolites that can be transported into the bloodstream through gastrointestinal tract. Similarly, the weaning-dependent changes in the quantity of dietary protein, fat and carbohydrates resulted in substantial changes in amino acid metabolism of the early-weaned group. The early-weaning event not only impacted the host microbiome and metabolome but also the host-microbe metabolic interactions as the abundances of potential lactose- and starch degrading bacteria and plasma concentrations of amino acid, biogenic amines and sphingomyelins were strongly positively correlated, both were negatively impacted by the early-weaning event. Thus, it can be concluded that late-weaning was beneficial as it allowed better adaptability of microbes to weaning-related dietary shifts, perhaps due to the greater maturation of their gastrointestinal tract with age as compared to the early-weaning group.

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