Browsing by Subject "Enzymkinetik"

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Powerful proteins : structure and function of catalytic subunits of electrogenic NADH:quinone oxidoreductases
(2013) Steffen, Wojtek; Fritz-Steuber, Julia
Electrogenic NADH:quinone oxidoreductases are large, membrane-embedded enzyme complexes found in the respiratory chain of prokaryotes and the mitochondria of eukaryotes. They represent the first module of the oxidative phosphorylation system which converts the energy from nutrients into an electrochemical gradient by coupling redox reactions to the translocation of cations across membranes. A long chain of events, such as the synthesis of ATP, ion homeostasis, reactive oxygen species production and bacterial motility depend on the activity of these complexes. Complex I consists of up to 45 subunits and can be found in the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotes and in prokaryotes, where it is called NDH I. We investigated the isolated, hydrophobic ND5 subunit, which shows homologies to cation/proton antiporters, from human or Yarrowia lipolytica complex I. In vivo and biochemical analyses provided data on the cation translocation function and the alteration of function by disease-associated mutations. Taken together with the recently published 3D structure of bacterial complex I, these data allowed us to demonstrate that the ND5 subunit could possibly act as an antiporter module of mitochondrial complex I. Sodium ion translocating NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (Na+-NQR) is an enzyme found in many pathogenic bacteria. It consists of six subunits (NqrA - NqrF) whose 3D structures and enzymatic mechanisms were not known in detail at the time this project was initiated. By using high-resolution X-ray structures and site-directed mutagenesis, combined with biochemical studies, we proposed a model for catalysis and substrate selectivity on the atomic level of the electron input module of the complex, the NADH oxidizing domain of subunit NqrF. Furthermore, we analyzed the binding of silver ions to a cysteine residue in the NADH binding pocket and found that it leads to the inhibition of the Na+-NQR and to the killing of Vibrio cholerae in the nanomolar range. Subunit NqrA forms part of the quinone reductase module. By the use of physicochemical and biochemical methods we identified the herbicide 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone (DBMIB) as a quinone antagonist and inhibitor of the Na+-NQR complex and discovered two adjacent quinone binding sites on NqrA.