Browsing by Subject "Gebrauchskreuzung"

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Physiologische und genetische Einflüsse auf die Qualität von Schweinefleisch aus baden-württembergischen Gebrauchskreuzungen
(2012) Fecke, Anna; Weiler, Ulrike
What genotypes, basing on the genetic lines supplied by German Genetic, guarantees both a high-value carcass and excellent pork quality and high eating quality and also how the criteria of fertility, weight development and yield at slaughter, relate to the criteria of pork quality. 10 genotypes were studied. Therefore the sows crossbred represent typically genotypes in Baden-Württemberg as well as the Leicoma hybrid sows. These sows were bred at the LSZ Boxberg with Pietrain and Duroc boars. The sows of the LW*(LC*DL) had the highest fertility rate. The boar lines showed no influence on either the birth weight or fertility parameters. The boar line, however, did reflect a highly significant influence on the daily gain in all further production periods (Duroc vs. Pietrain: suckling +8%; rearing +3,8%; fattening +6,5%).The offspring from the sows LW*(LC*DL) had the greatest daily gain in the suckling period and had a higher weaning weight (+6%, p<0.05) than the offspring from the LW*(SH*DL), which achieved the lowest overall weaning weight. On analyzing the relationship between the development weights in the various production periods and the birth weight, it was obvious that the birth weight provides a significant positive influence on the performance in every production period, except for rearing. Indeed, in the rearing period the animals with a high birth weight tended to show low daily gains, whereas the piglets with a low birth weight were able to partially compensate for the early growth deficit during this period. The Pietrain offspring had more lean meat content than the Duroc offspring. The dissection in Trial #2 shows that the Pietrain offspring had 3.3% more ham content and 4.0% more of the valuable cuts. The Duroc offspring had less lean meat content in the belly (-4.2%, Gruber Formula), more back fat (+13.7%), more leaf fat (+14.6%), and 12.5% more corrected fat area than the Pietrain offspring. The offspring of the sows LC*LW had a significantly shorter carcass than the offspring of the other sows. The offspring from the 50% Leicoma sows showed the greatest corrected fat area. The offspring from the sows LW*(LC*DL) had 17.1% less corrected fat area. The correlation analysis resulted in the established relationships. Especially of a practical interest, is the close relationship between lean meat content (FOM) and the pork underbelly (Gruber Formula) (r=0.92; n=240; p<0.001). For nearly every parameter the results of the pork quality grading under practical conditions (Trial #1) tended toward improved values for the pigs with Duroc genes, which showed a significantly lower drip loss. The influence of the sows on pork quality parameters was negligible. Besides these parameters, some carcasses were also characterized with PSE qualities (pH1<5.8; conductivity 24hr p.m.>8.0mS/cm). In Trial #1, based on the pH-readings at the slaughterhouse, almost no carcasses (0.15%) were identified with PSE, whereas the conductivity measurements in ham, 5.79% of the carcasses were identified as PSE. In Trial #2, 15.0% of the animals were PSE based on pH1 or conductivity measurements in the loin and ham. There were 5 carcasses which have PSE after both measurements in loin and ham. In the histochemical analysis of the muscle fiber classification the only difference between the boar lines was found in the percentage of red fibers. The eating quality tests revealed an influence from the boar line. In general, all genotypes produced a high quality lean meat content according to the market requirements. As to expectation the improved pork quality of the Duroc breed was justified by the best eating quality, an improved water-holding capacity and a higher intramuscular fat content. An acceptable overall pork quality can be achieved by pairing the offspring from the Pietrain*LW*(LC*DL). The offspring with some Schwäbisch-Hall genes have an opportunity to establish a regional market. However, their performance was not convincing because in fertility, in daily gain, and even in pork quality they attained below average values. Nevertheless, an optimal pork quality can be achieved more efficiently with other genotypes. On establishing predicting criteria, the percentage of PSE of the pork carcasses is quite positive. The superiority of the 24hr p.m. conductivity value for the drip loss predict is evident here. The measurement of the conductivity subsume the effects of slaughtering and cooling and is more appropriate than the pH1 value, especially, for the incoming inspection in the deboning area as well as for quality assurance.
Untersuchungen zu Einfachgebrauchskreuzungen beim Merinolandschaf
(2013) Henseler, Stefanie; Bennewitz, Jörn
The present study examined the meat and carcase quality of lambs slaughtered in the German federal state of Baden-Württemberg in order to determine the sire breeds most suitable for the Merinolandschaf, a Merino land race. For this purpose, rams of the meat breeds Charollais, Ile de France, Blackheaded sheep, Suffolk and Texel were bred to the widespread Merinolandschaf in order to produce cross bred lambs. In addition, rams of the Merinolandschaf were used to produce purebred lambs. The lambs were raised on seven farms, then fattened at one farm and slaughtered. 1600 lambs were used to evaluate meat quality, fattening performance and yield at slaughter. 105 animals were chosen from a total of 1600 lambs used in the study. These were tasted by a panel consisting of 21 persons. Results of this sensory analysis were combined with results in regard to fattening performance, yield at slaughter and quality of meat in a joint index. The net gain from fattening of the Texel sheep surpassed all other crossbreeds. In regard to yield from slaughter, crossbreeds with Charollais, Ile de France and Texel showed improvement in development of haunches and classification. Texel crossbreed ranked highest in respect to meat area of the chops. The parameters determining the quality of the meat – drip loss and loss by cooking – were lowest for pure Merinolandschaf. High shear force was necessary for meat of Suffolk and Texel crossbreeds, whereas Charollais crossbreed showed the lowest value for this parameter. The sensory analysis showed that crossbreeds with Charollais, Blackhead sheep and Suffolk as well as the pure breed Merinolandschaf are well suited to production of high-quality lamb‘s meat. In addition, it was shown that lamb’s meat from the German federal state of Baden-Württemberg differs significantly from lamb’s meat from New Zealand. There is a significant negative correlation between shear force according to Warner-Bratzler and the perceived tenderness of meat. The joint index consists of 10 economically relevant parameters, relatively weighted according to economic factors. The first rank was achieved by the crossbreed with Ile de France, followed by Texel, Suffolk and Blackhead sheep. To choose the optimal rams, i.e. the optimal sire breed, under practical circumstances, it is vital to take the conditions of the individual farm – such as marketing strategies – into consideration. With different weighting of single traits ranking of breeds can differ.