Browsing by Subject "Globaler Süden"

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Dedicated innovation systems for local sustainability transformations in the Global South
(2022) Mendoza Barajas, Elena; Ebersberger, Bernd
As our global economic system draws closer to an irreversible breaking point, governments from both the North and South countries are called upon to reduce the environmental and social impacts of our fossil-based production and consumption patterns. From a neo-Schumpeterian view, innovation can prove instrumental in triggering such “transformational change” of our global economic system towards sustainability. This thesis posits that innovation and the largely endorsed theoretical framework of innovation system (IS) give a useful heuristic for the design of the economic policies that foster structural change. However, the promotion of the broader Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the 2030 Agenda requires an analytical lens that extends beyond IS technology-centric logic and adapts to respond to the variety of local contexts in both the Global North and South. An application put forward by this thesis is that of the concept of “Dedicated Innovation System (DIS)” (Pyka, A., 2017) as a revised approach to IS framework. DIS allows for the study of the often-overlooked and contextually unique qualitative dynamics that influence innovation processes in the informal and insecure institutional local contexts of developing countries. Specifically, this work focuses on DIS practical application in the Mexican local context. It builds upon the concept of “Dedicated Actors (DAs)” to examine the roles that system actors play in fostering directionality, legitimacy, and responsibility in DIS sustainability transformations. This thesis addresses the overall research question: How can Dedicated Actors (DAs) introduce a commitment to sustainability in DISs in informal and insecure institutional settings in Michoacán, Mexico? To respond to the research question, three sets of sub-questions are explored: (a) what are the characteristics of DAs that allow them to direct IS towards sustainable outcomes in informal and insecure institutional settings in Michoacán, Mexico; (b) what is the role of DAs in the building of collective capabilities in informal and insecure institutional settings in Michoacán, Mexico? and (c) what are the local capabilities that result from DIS in informal and insecure institutional settings in Michoacán, Mexico? As the focus of the thesis has been the study of innovation-led transformations towards sustainability at the local level, the research has prioritised the analysis of Dedicated Grassroots Actors (DGAs) through three practical case studies. A first research finding looks at the characteristics that define DGAs and positions them as agents of systemic change. DGAs are found to be actors that break out of the “paradox of embedded agency” because of their prior exposure to the institutional spheres that contrast local established beliefs; and that are “positively” embedded in local institutions, which allows them to circumvent existing cultural beliefs, and stretch societal norms. A second finding of this research refers to the roles of DGAs in the building of collective capabilities in informal and insecure institutional settings in Michoacán, Mexico. Three main roles have been identified: (1) conscientisation: DGAs create awareness in local people, foster critical reflection on alternatives to perceived feasible possibilities, and inspire a desire to improve their lives; (2) conciliation: DGAs play a strong role in fostering the creation of collective capabilities by enabling linkages between individual needs with wider sustainability communal goals, and coordinating community participation and active voice, as well as facilitating knowledge exchange and skills acquisition; (3) collaboration: DGAs have an active role in facilitating collaboration with regional and external actors. A third research finding relates to the creation of collective capabilities in informal and insecure settings in Michoacán, Mexico. It was observed that a general sense of collective injustice within these institutional settings encourages local communities to adopt collective strategies to resist injustices caused by external conditions. The local communities from the case studies, tended to develop resilience capabilities to face poverty traps, violence, and a lack of social mobilisation. Although the creation of collective capabilities was initially triggered by issues related to economic and social factors (that are generally viewed and valued as high priorities in insecure and informal settings), these capabilities have also served to address other environmental challenges affecting local communities (e.g. climate change, biodiversity loss, deforestation, etc.).