Browsing by Subject "Mango peel"

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Untersuchungen zur Eignung von Mangoschalen (Mangifera indica L.) in der Tierernährung und deren Einfluss auf die zootechnische Leistung sowie verdauungsphysiologische und mikrobiologische Parameter bei Absetzferkeln
(2016) Brucker, Lisa; Zentek, Jürgen
This study was conducted to test the suitability of mango peels in the feeding of weaned piglets according to different investigations. The methodical work was divided into three sections. At first short term incubations with feces from sows together with different carbohydrates were carried out. After 24 h of incubation under anaerobic conditions the fermentation pattern was analyzed according to the produced bacterial metabolites. Moreover, semi-continuous long term incubations with cecum content from piglets together with mango peels or apple pectin were examined to determine the influence on the fermentation pattern over a longer period. The results of both incubation techniques showed, that there was an influence of the substrate on the amount of produced bacterial metabolites. The results of the short term incubations revealed differences that were achieved by the addition of the various substrates compared to the negative control in almost all measured parameters. Thereby the reduction of the pH-value after the addition of apple or mango pectin was due to an increased acetic acid concentration. The incubation of mango peels for 24 hours showed results comparably to the addition of apple pectin (p = 0.579). In the long term incubations the addition of mango peels to the fermenter caused only little changes of the fermentation parameters. The addition of mango peels resulted in the highest butyric acid levels (p = 0.002), and also higher valeric acid levels (p = 0.002) were detected compared to apple pectin. However, the addition of mango peels into the system of the long term incubation did not differ in the acetic acid content or the pH-value compared to the control group. The second methodical part of the present study constitutes infection experiments with the permanent cell line IPEC-J2. The aim was to determine possible effects of plant extracts on the protection of IPEC-J2 cells against enterotoxic E. coli bacteria via flow cytometry analysis. The results of these infection experiments showed validated effects (p = 0.029) of mango pectin compared to the positive control, with a reduction in the number of E. coli associated IPEC-J2 cells by 56.1%. The third section included a feeding trial to analyse intestinal parameters of a total of 50 weaned piglets in five groups over a period of four weeks. To ascertain the performance data another feeding trial was carried out with a total of 100 weaned piglets over a trial period of six weeks. The feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of a one- and two-percent dosage of mango peels, resp. apple pectin on digestibility and microbiology parameters. The acquired data included the determination of the apparent ileal digestibility as well as the total tract digestibility and the analysis of different bacterial metabolites. This included the content of short chain fatty acids, lactate, ammonia and biogenic amines as well as phenols and indoles. Furthermore, the influence of the experimental diets on defined groups of the microbiota was examined on a molecular biological level. In addition, the substrate utilization of the microbiota was measured based on fecal samples and the use of BIOLOG MT2 plates. The results of the in vitro studies verified the fermentation of mango peels by the porcine microbiota with a corresponding change in the fermentation pattern. The mango pectin, which is present in mango peels, showed a protective effect on IPEC-J2 cells against an E. coli infection. In general, the feeding experiment showed scarce differences between the five experimental groups. In the effect of mango peels resp. apple pectin on the determined contents of bacterial metabolites, some numerical differences in the examined sections of the GIT could be detected. These differences appeared particularly in the ileal sections of the GIT, with the result that the majority of mango peels or apple pectin might already be metabolized praecaecal resulting in fewer changes in the bacterial groups of microbiota and their metabolites in the large intestine. In contrast to these results, a reduced proteolytic activity of the microbiota in the large intestine was detected in the experimental groups C and E. A certain part of the so far undigested carbohydrates left in these groups could be accountable for these findings, since they could be used as an energy source. In the present study, no adverse effects by the addition of mango peels or apple pectin in an experimental diet of weaned piglets were detected. Therefore it can be assumed that the investigated dosage showed a good tolerability. This suggests that the use of dried mango peels in the feeding of weaned piglets is possible and can result in a positive effect on the gut health.