Browsing by Subject "Medical and Health Sciences"

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Consumption of yeast-fermented wheat and rye breads increases colitis and mortality in a mouse model of colitis
(2022) Zimmermann, Julia; De Fazio, Luigia; Kaden-Volynets, Valentina; Hitzmann, Bernd; Bischoff, Stephan C.; Zimmermann, Julia; Department of Nutritional Medicine/Prevention, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; De Fazio, Luigia; Department of Medical and Surgical Science (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Kaden-Volynets, Valentina; Department of Nutritional Medicine/Prevention, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Hitzmann, Bernd; Department of Process Analytics and Cereal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Bischoff, Stephan C.; Department of Nutritional Medicine/Prevention, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
Background: Cereals are known to trigger for wheat allergy, celiac disease and non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS). Inflammatory processes and intestinal barrier impairment are suspected to be involved in NCWS, although the molecular triggers are unclear. Aims: We were interested if different bread types influence inflammatory processes and intestinal barrier function in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease. Methods: Epithelial caspase-8 gene knockout (Casp8 ΔIEC ) and control (Casp8 fl ) mice were randomized to eight groups, respectively. The groups received different diets for 28 days (gluten-free diet, gluten-rich diet 5 g%, or different types of bread at 50 g%). Breads varied regarding grain, milling and fermentation. All diets were isocaloric. Results: Regardless of the diet, Casp8 ΔIEC mice showed pronounced inflammation in colon compared to ileum, whereas Casp8 fl mice were hardly inflamed. Casp8 fl mice could tolerate all bread types. Especially yeast fermented rye and wheat bread from superfine flour but not pure gluten challenge increased colitis and mortality in Casp8 ΔIEC mice. Hepatic expression of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and colonic expression of tumor necrosis factor-α genes were inversely related to survival. The bread diets, but not the gluten-rich diet, also decreased colonic tight junction expression to variable degrees, without clear association to survival and inflammation. Conclusions: Bread components, especially those from yeast-fermented breads from wheat and rye, increase colitis and mortality in Casp8 ΔIEC mice highly susceptible to intestinal inflammation, whereas control mice can tolerate all types of bread without inflammation. Yet unidentified bread components other than gluten seem to play the major role.
Dynamic changes in O-GlcNAcylation regulate osteoclast differentiation and bone loss via nucleoporin 153
(2022) Li, Yi-Nan; Chen, Chih-Wei; Trinh-Minh, Thuong; Zhu, Honglin; Matei, Alexandru-Emil; Györfi, Andrea-Hermina; Kuwert, Frederic; Hubel, Philipp; Ding, Xiao; Manh, Cuong Tran; Xu, Xiaohan; Liebel, Christoph; Fedorchenko, Vladyslav; Liang, Ruifang; Huang, Kaiyue; Pfannstiel, Jens; Huang, Min-Chuan; Lin, Neng-Yu; Ramming, Andreas; Schett, Georg; Distler, Jörg H. W.; Li, Yi-Nan; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Chen, Chih-Wei; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Trinh-Minh, Thuong; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Zhu, Honglin; Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Matei, Alexandru-Emil; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Györfi, Andrea-Hermina; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Kuwert, Frederic; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Hubel, Philipp; Core Facility Hohenheim, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Ding, Xiao; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Manh, Cuong Tran; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Xu, Xiaohan; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Liebel, Christoph; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Fedorchenko, Vladyslav; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Liang, Ruifang; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Huang, Kaiyue; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Pfannstiel, Jens; Core Facility Hohenheim, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Huang, Min-Chuan; Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Lin, Neng-Yu; Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Ramming, Andreas; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Schett, Georg; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Distler, Jörg H. W.; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
Bone mass is maintained by the balance between osteoclast-induced bone resorption and osteoblast-triggered bone formation. In inflammatory arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), however, increased osteoclast differentiation and activity skew this balance resulting in progressive bone loss. O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification with attachment of a single O-linked β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) residue to serine or threonine residues of target proteins. Although O-GlcNAcylation is one of the most common protein modifications, its role in bone homeostasis has not been systematically investigated. We demonstrate that dynamic changes in O-GlcNAcylation are required for osteoclastogenesis. Increased O-GlcNAcylation promotes osteoclast differentiation during the early stages, whereas its downregulation is required for osteoclast maturation. At the molecular level, O-GlcNAcylation affects several pathways including oxidative phosphorylation and cell-cell fusion. TNFα fosters the dynamic regulation of O-GlcNAcylation to promote osteoclastogenesis in inflammatory arthritis. Targeted pharmaceutical or genetic inhibition of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) or O-GlcNAcase (OGA) arrests osteoclast differentiation during early stages of differentiation and during later maturation, respectively, and ameliorates bone loss in experimental arthritis. Knockdown of NUP153, an O-GlcNAcylation target, has similar effects as OGT inhibition and inhibits osteoclastogenesis. These findings highlight an important role of O-GlcNAcylation in osteoclastogenesis and may offer the potential to therapeutically interfere with pathologic bone resorption.
Palliative care as a digital working world (PALLADiUM) - a mixed-method research protocol
(2023) Grimminger, Sandra; Heckel, Maria; Markgraf, Moritz; Peuten, Sarah; Wöhl, Moritz; Gimpel, Henner; Klein, Carsten; Ostgathe, Christoph; Steigleder, Tobias; Schneider, Werner; Grimminger, Sandra; Palliativmedizinische Abteilung, Comprehensive Cancer Center CCC Erlangen-EMN, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Heckel, Maria; Palliativmedizinische Abteilung, Comprehensive Cancer Center CCC Erlangen-EMN, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Markgraf, Moritz; Project Group Business & Information Systems Engineering of the Fraunhofer FIT, Augsburg, Germany; Peuten, Sarah; Professorship for Sociology, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Wöhl, Moritz; Project Group Business & Information Systems Engineering of the Fraunhofer FIT, Augsburg, Germany; Gimpel, Henner; Chair of Digital Management, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Klein, Carsten; Palliativmedizinische Abteilung, Comprehensive Cancer Center CCC Erlangen-EMN, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Ostgathe, Christoph; Palliativmedizinische Abteilung, Comprehensive Cancer Center CCC Erlangen-EMN, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Steigleder, Tobias; Palliativmedizinische Abteilung, Comprehensive Cancer Center CCC Erlangen-EMN, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Schneider, Werner; Professorship for Sociology, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
Background: In Palliative Care, actors from different professional backgrounds work together and exchange case-specific and expert knowledge and information. Since Palliative Care is traditionally distant from digitalization due to its holistically person-centered approach, there is a lack of suitable concepts enabling digitalization regarding multi-professional team processes. Yet, a digitalised information and collaboration environment geared to the requirements of palliative care and the needs of the members of the multi-professional team might facilitate communication and collaboration processes and improve information and knowledge flows. Taking this chance, the presented three-year project, PALLADiUM, aims to improve the effectiveness of Palliative Care teams by jointly sharing available inter-subjective knowledge and orientation-giving as well as action-guiding practical knowledge. Thus, PALLADiUM will explore the potentials and limitations of digitally supported communication and collaboration solutions. Methods: PALLADiUM follows an open and iterative mixed methods approach. First, ethnographic methods – participant observations, interviews, and focus groups – aim to explore knowledge and information flow in investigating Palliative Care units as well as the requirements and barriers to digitalization. Second, to extend this body, the analysis of the historical hospital data provides quantitative insights. Condensing all findings results in a to-be work system. Adhering to the work systems transformation method, a technical prototype including artificial intelligence components will enhance the collaborative teamwork in the Palliative Care unit. Discussion: PALLADiUM aims to deliver decisive new insights into the preconditions, processes, and success factors of the digitalization of a medical working environment as well as communication and collaboration processes in multi-professional teams.
Subconjunctival bleedings in neonatal calves: a case series report
(2022) Steffl, Martin; Nautscher, Nadine; Steffl, Martin; Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Nautscher, Nadine; Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
Background: In animals, only few reports exist about the occurrence and causes of subconjunctival bleedings, especially in newborn calves. Most case reports and studies showed that the major risk factors for subconjunctival bleedings in animals are traumatic events such as birth trauma and traffic accidents, respectively. In neonatal babies, it is suggested that compression of the thorax and abdomen during delivery or forces generated in utero during labor may raise venous pressure to conjunctival vessels and can cause subconjunctival bleedings. Results: The incidence of bleedings in neonatal Holstein–Friesian calves was 2.4 per cent of 289 neonatal calves examined over a six-year period. In general, two types of subconjunctival bleedings were seen. One was usually in a semilunar fashion immediately outside the limbus of the eye. The other type was a stripe or macule of variable size at different positions of the sclera. The subconjunctival bleedings were not related to gestational time. In all cases, affected calves were born without assistance. Multiparous cows were more often involved in the calves with subconjunctival bleedings. Two calves examined haematologically did not show signs of anemia or thrombocytopenia. Conclusions: Subconjunctival bleedings in neonatal calves appear not to be incidental findings. Main causes or associated conditions of subconjunctival bleedings were not found.