Browsing by Subject "Oenocarpus bacaba"

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Health enhancing traditional foods in Brazil : an interdisciplinary approach to food and nutritional security
(2012) Abadio Finco, Fernanda; Graeve, Lutz
The Brazilian nutritional profile is currently characterized by the so-called "nutrition transition process" i.e. the population presents nutritional status characteristics of both developing and developed countries. Therefore, malnutrition is present not only in the form of undernutrition but increasingly also presents as overweight and obesity. Some studies suggest that this is not only a particular problem of urban societies but also of rural communities. Recently, Brazil has impressively advanced on issues which address nutrition, agriculture and health within a sustainable framework. One of the recent initiatives encompasses the Brazilian Food and Nutrition Security Policy, which could be considered as the vanguard of this theme by covering different dimensions of nutritional issues, as defined hereunder: ?Food and Nutrition Security is the achievement of the right of all people to access food regularly and permanently, with quality and enough quantity, without compromising the access to other basic needs, based on food practices to promote health, with respect to cultural differences and being social, economic and environmentally sustainable?. Since the Brazilian Food and Nutritional Policy is characterized by a broad view on food and nutrition, different components related to food and nutrition have to be considered. Therefore, the health side of the food, in a pluralistic vision has to be taken into account. Thus, food and their consumers are unavoidably connected. Beyond classical nutrients, much attention has recently been focused on bioactive compounds and their preventive role on non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Therefore researchers are increasingly interested to unfold the preventive biochemical processes of these compounds. Hence, the current research aimed to investigate health enhancing properties of traditional Brazilian fruits within the Food and Nutrition Security definition of the country. Given the interdisciplinary feature of the topic Food and Nutrition Security, the work was performed in two stages. The first one encompasses a nutritional survey with two rural communities in APA ? Cantão, Tocantins State, Brazil and the second part comprises experimental laboratory research. The outcome from the nutrition survey showed a high level of food insecurity among the families (84.2%). The nutritional profile of the study population expressed a high prevalence of overweight for the adults (53.7%). Regression analysis showed that the high Body Mass Index (BMI) is influenced by the consumption of an imbalanced diet and the physical activity level. Furthermore, women had a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity in comparison to men. Another observation is that rural communities have a monotonous diet with very low consumption of fruits and vegetables. Besides the negative effect on their body composition, this last result points to the risk of developing micronutrient deficiencies, i.e. hidden hunger. Based on the outcome and the demand presented by the participants in the nutrition survey, two fruits available in the region were chosen to investigate their possible biofunctional properties. Different assays were performed with Bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba Mart.) and Jenipapo (Genipa americana L.) phenolic extracts. Extracts from both fruits showed antioxidant and antiproliferative capacities. Since bacaba displayed higher activities than Jenipapo, this fruit was chosen for a more detailed investigation of the biochemical mechanisms involved. The results showed that bacaba phenolic extracts induced apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells through the mitochondrial pathway. Caspase-6, -8 and -9 were activated when compared to the untreated control in a dose dependent manner (p<.05). However, caspase-9 showed the highest activation. Since MCF-7 cells do not express caspase-3 and based on additional investigations on PARP (Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase) - cleavage, the experiments suggest that caspase-9 plays an important role in the observed apoptotic effect. The laboratory work thus emphasizes the potential healthy properties of traditional fruits from the Brazilian biodiversity with high antioxidant activities. Altogether, the results indicate the need of a better nutritional education with the involved communities in order to promote healthy eating practices and to increase the consumption of fruit and vegetables. Based on this, it is suggested for government and policy makers to take action in rural communities. Indeed, it is undeniable that the biodiversity available in Brazil is a huge treasure and source of novel ?superfruits?. Therefore, the current work reinforces the development of research in this area in order of identify health enhancing neglected traditional fruits and to promote their consumption, add value and generate income to small farmers and traditional communities with not only the improvement of their economic power, but also of their diets and health respecting their tradition and culture. Not to mention the contribution to biodiversity preservation since plants that were merely discarded could now have a multifactor value in line with the Brazilian Food and Nutritional Security policy.