Browsing by Subject "Public goods"

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    An adapted indicator framework for evaluating the potential contribution of bioeconomy approaches to agricultural systems resilience
    (2024) Lewandowski, Iris; von Cossel, Moritz; Winkler, Bastian; Bauerle, Andrea; Gaudet, Nicole; Kiesel, Andreas; Lewin, Eva; Magenau, Elena; Marting Vidaurre, Nirvana Angela; Müller, Benedikt; Schlecht, Valentin; Thumm, Ulrich; Trenkner, Marielle; Vargas‐Carpintero, Ricardo; Weickert, Sebastian; Weik, Jan; Reinmuth, Evelyn
    This study reviews a variety of “bioeconomy approaches” (BAs) to assess their potential contribution to resilience in agricultural systems, focusing on benefits that can improve multi‐functionality regarding private and public goods. It is based on Meuwissen et al.'s framework to assess the resilience of farming systems. Drawing on literature and expert knowledge, this indicator framework is adapted to develop a new framework which is then applied to seven contrasting BAs (miscanthus, perennial flowering wild plant mixtures, permanent grassland, nutrient recycling, agrivoltaics, urban agriculture, and microalgae). The major outcomes are: 1) the extended indicator framework can help evaluate BAs for their potential to foster resilience in future agricultural systems, 2) all BAs are characterized by their ability to provide multiple private and public goods simultaneously, 3) the strongest contribution of BAs to public goods is their function in maintaining the good condition of natural resources and resource‐use efficiency, 4) all BAs can enhance resilience in agricultural systems by contributing diversity, multifunctionality, environmental sustainability, and autonomy, 5) the mitigation of potential drawbacks of BAs implementation requires ex‐ante assessment, favorable BAs combinations, and stakeholder involvement, 6) context‐specific analysis of each BAs is required to assess their qualitative and quantitative contribution to resilience.
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    Asymmetric obligations
    (2011) Schildberg-Hörisch, Hannah; Riedel, Nadine
    We use a laboratory experiment to investigate the behavioral effects of obligations that are not backed by binding deterrent incentives. To implement such expressive law' we introduce different levels of very weakly incentivized, symmetric and asymmetric minimum contribution levels (obligations) in a repeated public goods experiment. The results provide evidence for a weak expressive function of law: while the initial impact of high obligations on behavior is strong, it decreases over time. Asymmetric obligations are as effective as symmetric ones. Our results are compatible with the argument that expressive law affects behavior by attaching an emotional cost of disobeying the own obligation.