Browsing by Subject "Rasen"

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Aspects of incorporating biodegradable textiles to improve sports turf
(2023) Stürmer-Stephan, Bastian; Griepentrog, Hans
Due to climate change and the need to save water, water consumption must be reduced not only in agriculture but also in urban areas. There are 55,072 sports fields in Germany that have to be irrigated in summer. In order to reduce the amount of irrigation, two approaches were researched and discussed in this thesis. The first approach is to adapt new sports fields to the local weather conditions. This approach is a decision support system, based on a model. The input variables are recorded weather data from the German Weather Service for the location where the new sports field is to be built, the hydrological properties of the substrates, and the expected costs. An optimized dimensioning of the rootzone layer is calculated by an EA solver of Microsoft Excel. This thickness of the layer can be used for the construction project. This was calculated exemplary for 3 locations. The presented model needs to be further evaluated through field trials. For existing sports fields, the root zone layer can only be changed with great effort. In this case, a biodegradable nonwoven can be installed in an existing sports field with drainage layer structure. This nonwoven transport water from the deeper drainage layer into the root zone of the turf through the capillaries, so that the water is available to the turf. To achieve this function, the 150 mm wide nonwoven must be installed vertically at a depth of 170 mm +-20 mm. During installation, the ground cover must not be reduced and the roughness of the surface must not be increased. In the present work, a device is presented, that cuts the turf, opens a furrow, incorporates the nonwoven and then closes the furrow. The device is mounted on the tractor and consists of a height guide, a cutting disc, a box coulter and a pressure roller. The device was tested on three plots with a layer structure in Stuttgart. The cutting disc works properly because no clogging was observed. A measurement frame equipped with an ultrasonic sensor, a laser range finder and a feeler wheel determined the surface roughness before and after incorporating the nonwoven. The results showed a significant increase in roughness. In order to reduce the negative impact to the ground surface, it would be possible to increase the ballasting of the device. However, harmful soil compaction must be avoided. The uniform working depth of the developed device was determined with a tachymeter and showed a deviation from the nominal depth of less than 20 mm. The results show that this meets the requirements for the device. Ground cover was measured before and after installing the nonwoven. The turf damage was less than 15 % of the ground cover, which meets the playability requirements. Reconsolidation was determined by penetrologger and evaluated in profile. The soil recompaction, measured as penetration resistance, was similar to the status quo, except in the area close to the nonwoven, where the recompaction failed. The furrows of the developed device can be recompacted more effectively by using two pressure roller, attached V-shaped. But it must be verified that the two pressure rollers do not cause ridge formation, as is the case with seed drills. Overall, the performance of the device can be considered positive, but improvements are still needed to improve reconsolidation. These improvements can be verified in future investigations. At the same time, the effectiveness of the nonwoven must be evaluated in the future. Preliminary tests have shown that the capillary action is sufficient to transport water from the drainage layer to the root zone.