Browsing by Subject "Religion"

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Glaube Online - Auswirkungen von religiösen Online-Angeboten auf das Wohlbefinden von Kirchengemeindemitgliedern
(2021) Siegle, Laura
Through the measures taken against the spread of the Corona Virus in early 2020, the churches in Germany also had to find new ways to implement their offerings. Many Christian churches have offered religious online formats. Studies have already shown that religious people have a better well-being than non-religious people. This study examines now, how the use of religious online offers affects the well-being of church members. To investigate the research interest, an online survey was conducted in cross-sectional design. The sample includes 169 parishioners aged between 15 and 83. 103 of the respondents used religious online services, on average they used them sometimes. 66 of the respondents did not participate in the religious online offerings. The survey found that parishioners who used religious online offerings had both better subjective and better religious well-being during the pandemic. There was no difference between interactive and non-interactive religious online offerings in terms of subjective well-being. It turned out that improved religious well-being is positively related to the balance of affection. However, there was no significant connection between the religious well-being and the life satisfaction of the parishioners. Overall, it can be stated that the well-being of church members could also be influenced by other factors not researched in this study, which will need to be investigated and identified in future research.
Instabiltiy, economic stagnation and the role of Islam in the North Caucasus
(2011) Dobler, Constanze
Since the breakup of the Soviet Union, the North Caucasus is known as a politically unstable region and as a melting pot for terrorism and all kinds of criminal activity, reaching from drugtrafficking and illegal arms trade to hijacking and extortion. Furthermore, the North Caucasus is one of Russia?s poorest and least developed regions. Although the role of Islam as a destabilizing factor should not be overestimated, it is a determining characteristic regarding the region?s past and current development. The paper considers specific influencing factors like the North Caucasus? geographical location, foreign influence, its Soviet past, its history of Islamization, its societal structure, its ethnic heterogeneity and the prevalent Russian institutional vacuum with a focus on Islam and its local characteristics. Then it is questioned whether sustainable socio-economic development is possible within the prevalent institutional environment and whether Islam plays a decisive role or not. It is discovered, that weak governance on the central and regional levels and the inability to implement and enforce the rule of law are responsible for the region?s socio-economic situation. The form of societal organization plays a role, too. These factors, however, are historically determined and will therefore persist, in part even in the long run.
The impact of formal and informal institutions on per capita income
(2009) Dobler, Constanze
Despite the many approaches of neoclassical and endogenous growth theory, economists still face problems explaining the reasons for income differences between countries. Institutional economics and the deep determinants of growth literature try to depart from pure economic facts to examine economic development. Therefore, this article analyses the impact of institutions, geography and integration on per capita income. Concerning theoretical reasoning, emphasis is on the emergence of institutions and their effect on economic growth. However, institutions can appear in different shapes since political, legal and economic restrictions are not the only constraints on human behaviour. Norms and values also limit possible actions. Therefore, a differentiation between formal and informal institutions is made. The regression results affirm a crucial role of informal and formal institutionsconcerning economic development.
The impact on institutions, culture and religion on per capita income
(2009) Dobler, Constanze
Despite many approaches of neoclassical and endogenous growth theory, economists still face problems in explaining the reasons for income differences between countries. Institutional economics and the deep determinants of growth literature try to depart from pure economic facts to examine economic development. Therefore, this article analyzes the impact of institutions, geography, and integration on per capita income. Concerning theoretical reasoning, emphasis is on the emergence of institutions and their effect on economic growth. However, institutions can appear in different shapes since political, legal, and economic restrictions are not the only constraints on human behaviour. Norms and values also limit possible actions. Therefore, a differentiation between formal and informal institutions is made. Informal institutions are defined as beliefs, attitudes, moral, conventions, and codes of conduct. Property rights are assumed to be the basic formal institutional feature for economic success. Despite their direct impact on growth through individual utility maximization, property rights also make a statement concerning the political and legal environment of a country. Regarding the regression analysis, different religious affiliations are used as instrumental variables for formal and informal institutions. The regression results affirm a crucial role of informal and formal institutions concerning economic development. However, a high proportion of Protestant citizens encourage informal institutions that support economic growth, while a high Muslim proportion of the population is negatively correlated with growth-supporting formal institutions.