Browsing by Subject "Silvopastorale Systeme"

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Recording, validating and scaling up local ecological knowledge of ethnic minority farmers in Northern Thailand and Northern Laos
(2015) Choocharoen, Chalathon; Hoffmann, Volker
Conceptually, local knowledge is recognized and investigated by a wide array of disciplines, and the focus has shifted from definition of ‘indigenous’ or ‘traditional’ knowledge to a perception of local knowledge as a dynamic concept and a principal basis for decision-making processes. This enables the creation of a research environment that is conducive to participatory approaches seeking to bridge the division between local and scientific knowledge. This thesis explains how local knowledge systems are composed by different know-ledge types, such as practices and beliefs, values, and worldviews. The knowledge systems change constantly under the influence of power relations and cross-scale linkages both within and outside the community. Likewise, local knowledge and practices need to be understood as adaptive responses to internal and external changes which result e.g. in disaster preparedness or sustainable growth of livelihoods at the local level. This thesis is based on interviews and using PRA tools about local knowledge and practices and attempts to give an overview and framework of local knowledge in sustainable land use and an understanding of the benefits and problems involved. Local knowledge systems (LKS) are an important part of the lives of the poor. They are the basis for decision-making of communities in food security, human and animal health, education, and natural resource management. LKS point to how indigenous people manipulate their knowledge, which has accumulated, evolved and practiced for generations. They epitomize the relationship and interaction between local peoples and their natural surroundings. In the study shown in paper I (Chapter 4), results based on group discussions shows farmers use 6 out of 8 scientific soil classifications. Through participatory soil mapping exercises, it was sought to develop a single, comprehensive soil classification reflecting the main soil types in the village territory. This process helped to explore the potential for using local soil classification towards regional soil mapping. It was concluded that the comparison of scientific soil classification and soil survey maps with local knowledge of soils can generate valuable synergies through integrating the perceptions of soil properties of scientists and farmers. Moreover, villagers in this research area will be able to have alternative or complementary options to grow plants and to generate improved revenues in the future. In paper II (Chapter 5), it was found that traditional silvopastoral systems are a key component of sustainable forest management. Forestry and forst use is a part of the established activities of upland farmers, who show interest in sustainable management and utilization of their natural resources. Local farmers knowledge has been so far excluded from governmental development policies. A country comparative analysis shows similar strategies of farmers but different (promoting / prohibiting) national policies. Local ecological knowledge about sylvo-pastoral systems can provide useful resources for striving towards more sustainable highland agro-ecosystems, if it is integrated into scientific analysis and policy making. Paper III (Chapter 6) found that cardamom plantations/collections are considered as an effective approach to poverty alleviation and sustainable rural development under conditions of increased resource scarcity in the uplands of Northern Laos. The analysis of the value chain revealed various potentials for development. The main policy implication is that protecting the remaining of natural and secondary forests, for instance through making use of evolving international support mechanisms for community based forest protection including REDD-plus, will not only be of advantage for biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation, but would also improve the livelihoods of the poorest in the uplands of Northern Laos. The challenge for national resource managers is to combine the management of agricultural functions with ecological benefits through sustainable agriculture practices to enhance the livelihoods of local people. Local ecological knowledge can offer proven alternatives and complementary explanations of ecological cause-and-effect relationships. It may prove useful in further scientific investigation and can be utilized as a cross-reference with other findings and therefore contribute to sustainable resource management and improve the quality of local resources and livelihoods.