Browsing by Subject "Technostress"

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Dynamic modulation of the processing of unpredicted technical errors by the posterior cingulate and the default mode network
(2024) Wang, Zhiyan; Becker, Markus; Kondla, Gregor; Gimpel, Henner; Beer, Anton L.; Greenlee, Mark W.
The pervasive use of information technologies (IT) has tremendously benefited our daily lives. However, unpredicted technical breakdowns and errors can lead to the experience of stress, which has been termed technostress. It remains poorly understood how people dynamically respond to unpredicted system runtime errors occurring while interacting with the IT systems on a behavioral and neuronal level. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying such processes, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study in which 15 young adults solved arithmetic problems of three difficulty levels (easy, medium and hard) while two types of system runtime errors (problem errors and feedback errors) occurred in an unexpected manner. The problem error condition consisted of apparently defective displays of the arithmetic problem and the feedback error condition involved erroneous feedback. We found that the problem errors positively influenced participants’ problem-solving performance at the high difficulty level (i.e., hard tasks) at the initial stage of the session, while feedback errors disturbed their performance. These dynamic behavioral changes are mainly associated with brain activation changes in the posterior cingulate and the default mode network, including the posterior cingulate cortex, the mPFC, the retrosplenial cortex and the parahippocampal gyrus. Our study illustrates the regulatory role of the posterior cingulate in coping with unpredicted errors as well as with dynamic changes in the environment.
Empowering the digital individual: design and analysis of information systems for work effectiveness and well-being
(2025) Lahmer, Stefanie; Gimpel, Henner
Information systems (ISs) have become deeply embedded in our everyday lives, transforming both professional and private domains. This development is driven in part by the growing recognition that ISs and their designs can significantly improve individuals’ lives. Today, it is nearly impossible to imagine working without ISs. Even in our private lives, for instance, smartphones are essential for staying connected. However, this ongoing digitalization of the individual presents not only opportunities, but also substantial challenges. While ISs can improve work effectiveness, such as creativity and performance, they are also associated with harmful effects, most notably technostress. To effectively address these harmful effects, it is crucial to understand the underlying causes and consequences of technostress as well as how to cope with it. In this context, IS offer promising stress management approaches by fostering humanistic outcomes such as health and well-being. Ultimately, IS design plays a central role in shaping how these systems function and what they aim to achieve, offering pathways to both lever the opportunities and counter the challenges of the digitalized individual. The increasing presence of ISs in our lives has been conceptualized through the Digitalization of the Individual (DOTI) framework, which captures the digitalization of individuals along two key dimensions. First, it identifies the various roles an individual may assume in the IS research, such as an employee. Second, it outlines three complementary research angles: the design of ISs, behaviors, and the consequences of digitalization. This dissertation is situated within the DOTI framework, and focuses on the analysis and design of ISs tailored to individuals in diverse professional and private roles. This dissertation aims to develop design knowledge for IS that supports both instrumental outcomes (such as creativity and performance) and humanistic outcomes (such as health and well-being) by addressing challenges such as technostress faced by digitalized individuals. To achieve this, the dissertation applies qualitative, quantitative, and mixed research methods, including interviews, online surveys, experiments, and field studies. Several methodological approaches are embedded in higher-level design science research. This dissertation has two parts. Part A analyses workplace and IS design, focusing on individuals in their roles as employees. Chapter 2 examines how ISs in hybrid work influence creativity, presenting insights into workplace designs, technological tools, and methods for creative collaboration. Chapter 3 narrows the focus to a specific IS, illustrating how an IS can enhance group performance, offering a design. Chapter 4 addresses technostress in organizational contexts by conceptualizing and operationalizing tech-nostress creators (TSCs), aiming to improve theoretical clarity and the measurement of technostress. Part B of the dissertation develops IS design knowledge to address technostress and promote individual health and well-being through health behavior change support systems (HBCSS). Chapter 5 introduces design knowledge for HBCSSs that support the management of stress by detecting it through physiological and contextual data and providing personalized coping strategies. Chapter 6 builds on this by identifying users’ preferred gamification elements to foster long-term engagement with HBCSSs for sustainable behavior change. Chapters 7 and 8 narrow the focus to interruption overload as a specific TSC, presenting design knowledge for interruption management systems that support personalized coping. These chapters emphasize individual differences in technostress perceptions and contribute to human-centered IS design. In sum, this dissertation contributes to the development of IS design knowledge that supports opportunities for IS use and addresses the challenges of technostress, fostering individual health and well-being. It offers theoretical and practical insights into the design of ISs that support creativity, consistent performance, and stress management. By exploring both broad and specific aspects of IS design and proposing tailored, human-centered design solutions, this dissertation supports responsible and sustainable digitalization in the evolving IT landscape of everyday life.
How to prevent technostress at the digital workplace: a Delphi study
(2024) Berger, Michelle; Schäfer, Ricarda; Schmidt, Marco; Regal, Christian; Gimpel, Henner
Technostress is a rising issue in the changing world of digital work. Technostress can cause severe adverse outcomes for individuals and organizations. Thus, organizations face the moral, legal, and economic responsibility to prevent employees’ excessive technostress. As technostress develops over time, it is crucial to prevent it throughout the process of its emergence instead of only reacting after adverse outcomes occur. Contextualizing the Theory of Preventive Stress management to technostress, we synthesize and advance existing knowledge on inhibiting technostress. We develop a set of 24 technostress prevention measures from technostress inhibitor literature, other technostress literature, and based on qualitative and quantitative contributions from a Delphi study. Based on expert feedback, we characterize each measure and, where possible, assess its relevance in addressing specific technostressors. Our paper contributes to research by transferring the Theory of Preventive Stress Management into the context of technostress and presenting specific measures to prevent technostress. This offers a complementary view to technostress inhibitors by expanding the theoretical grounding and adding a time perspective through the implementation of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention measures. For practice, we offer a comprehensive and applicable overview of measures organizations can implement to prevent technostress.
Individual information systems
design, use, and a negative outcome in the business and private domain
(2021) Lanzl, Julia; Gimpel, Henner
Digitalization increasingly changes individuals’ business and private lives. Today, individuals build and use ever more complex individual information systems (IIS) composed of privately-owned and business-owned components. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated this development since individuals were forced to work from home due to the social distancing measures associated with the pandemic. The ongoing digitalization comes with great opportunities for individuals, such as higher mobility and flexibility, as well as for organizations, such as lower costs and increased productivity. However, the increased use of IIS at the workplace also bears risks for individuals. Such risks include technostress, which refers to stress that is caused by digital technologies. Technostress, in turn, can lead to health-related issues, reduced productivity, and higher turnover intentions. Thus, to leverage the positive opportunities of digitalization while reducing its associated risk of technostress, a better understanding of IIS, their use, and its effect on technostress, and of individual resources that may affect this relationship is needed. The aim of this dissertation is threefold: First, to contribute to a better understanding of layers of IIS and their different components. Second, since a negative outcome of IIS use can be technostress, this dissertation seeks to advance knowledge on technostress creators and how they can be influenced by IIS use and by various IIS characteristics. Third, this dissertation aims to reveal which resources of individuals may help mitigate technostress. This dissertation uses quantitative methods, such as online surveys and structural equation modeling, and qualitative methods, such as literature analyses and semi-structured interviews. Thereby, the methodological focus lies on quantitative data collection and analysis, while some papers use a mixed-methods approach as a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Chapter 2 of this dissertation aims at providing a better understanding of IIS by investigating its various components. Therefore, Chapter 2.1 conceptualizes four layers of IIS: devices, digital identities, relationships, and information. It also considers that IIS have two more or less integrated subsystems: the business information systems with business-owned components and the private information systems with privately-owned components. An empirical validation supports this conceptualization as well as the definition of integration between the two sub-systems on each of the four layers. Chapter 2.2 studies IT consumerization, which refers to the use of private IIS components in the business domain and applies a risk-benefit consideration. The results imply that benefits of consumerization of IT services, such as better functionalities of a private IT service outweigh risks, such as the threat of sanctions for the use of private IT services. Chapter 3 focuses on technostress as a negative outcome of the increased IIS use. Chapter 3.1 analyzes how IT consumerization is related to the technostress creator unreliability of digital technologies. The results reveal a positive relationship between IT consumerization and unreliability and show that unreliability is perceived higher when the IT portfolio integration and the individual’s computer self-efficacy are low. Chapter 3.2 proceeds with studying characteristics of digital technologies and how these are related to technostress. It presents ten characteristics that are associated with at least one technostress creator. Chapter 3.3 extends the concept of technostress and introduces a framework of twelve different technostress creators, reveals four second-order factors underlying the twelve technostress creators, and brings them into relation with work- and health-related effects. Chapter 4 also deals with technostress and investigates resources to mitigate technostress. Chapter 4.1 focuses on organizational measures and finds different relationships of the investigated measures with different technostress creators. While some of the technostress creators can be inhibited by the implementation of organizational measures, others are found to be even intensified by the organizational measures. Chapter 4.2 focuses on social mechanisms that function as technostress inhibitors. Findings differ between technostress creators and the investigated social support dimensions. Furthermore, the results highlight the fact that some of the social support dimensions gain even greater importance in light of increasing telework. In summary, this dissertation provides new insights into IIS and their use, the emergence of technostress in digitalized workplaces, and organizational as well as social mechanisms that help mitigate technostress. Hence, this dissertation supports current efforts in both research and practice to reduce technostress while leveraging the positive opportunities of workplace digitalization.
Sustainable interaction with digital technologies
fostering pro-environmental behavior and maintaining mental health
(2023) Berger, Michelle; Gimpel, Henner
One of the most essential challenges of the twenty-first century is to realize sustainability in everyday behavior. Daily, partly unconscious decisions influence environmental sustainability. Such everyday choices are increasingly shifted toward digital environments, as digital technologies are ubiquitous in a wide variety of everyday contexts. This yields the great potential to positively influence the users’ behavior toward more environmental sustainability when interacting with digital technologies, for example, through the use of digital nudging. But besides these benefits, research indicates that interacting with digital technologies can lead to a specific form of stress, also known as technostress, that can cause adverse health outcomes. Individuals increasingly suffer from – or are at risk of – mental health issues like depression or burnout. This demonstrates that it is essential to ensure a sustainable interaction with digital technologies that is both environmentally friendly and healthy, especially for the mind. Addressing individuals’ interaction with digital technologies requires a broad understanding from all perspectives. The Human-Computer-Interaction (HCI) framework represents a guiding structure for studying the interaction of humans with digital technologies. Along with the guiding structure of the HCI framework, the seven research articles included in this dissertation aim to contribute to sustainable interaction with digital technologies. The focus is on two outcomes resulting from the interaction: First, fostering pro-environmental behavior and, second, maintaining mental health. After an introductory first chapter, Chapter 2 focuses on the outcome of fostering pro-environmental behavior when interacting with digital technologies using digital nudging. Chapter 2.1 contributes to a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of DNEs in different behavioral contexts (HCI perspective context) that influence the individuals’ pro-environmental behavior (e.g., e-commerce shopping behavior). Chapters 2.2 and 2.3 zoom in on two of the behavioral contexts described in Chapter 2.1 to investigate and test the design and effectiveness of specific DNEs in an e-commerce shop and a smart home app (HCI perspective technology) through online experiments. While prior research concentrated on the effectiveness of different “feedback nudge features” (FNFs) (e.g., different update frequencies), Chapter 2.4 investigates the influence of 25 identified FNFs on user satisfaction in a smart home app through a card sorting approach followed by an online survey based on the Kano model (HCI perspective human). Chapter 3 puts focuses on the outcome of maintaining mental health when interacting with digital technologies, thus avoiding technostress. Chapter 3.1 concentrates on the role of the organization in preventing technostress among their employees (HCI perspective context). It introduces and characterizes 24 primary and secondary technostress prevention measures and determines the relevance of primary prevention measures in reducing different sources of technostress (technostress creators). Out of the 24 technostress prevention measures, two specific measures (“adopt a stress-sensitive digital workplace design” and “use gamification”) are addressed in Chapters 3.2 and 3.3. Through a large-scale online survey, Chapter 3.2 derives an understanding of the characteristic profiles of technologies used at the digital workplace, their interplay, and how they influence technostress (HCI perspective technology). Chapter 3.3 focuses on the individual’s appraisal (HCI perspective human) of a demanding situation when interacting with digital technologies. After conducting an online experiment, Chapter 3.3 finds that the integration of gamification elements (e.g., points or levels) in digital technologies can reduce the individual’s threat appraisal. Lastly, Chapter 4 discusses the results of the seven included research articles and provides an outlook for future research. In summary, this dissertation aims to provide research and practice with new insights into creating a sustainable interaction with digital technologies to foster pro-environmental behavior and maintain mental health.