Browsing by Subject "Tyre model"

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Entwicklung und Applikation eines instationären Reifenmodells zur Fahrdynamiksimulation von Ackerschleppern
(2009) Ferhadbegovic, Bojan
The driving speed of modern agricultural tractors increased continuously during the last years. Nowadays, a maximum driving speed of 50 km/h is standard for agricultural tractors in Germany. To be able to drive safely at such high speeds, the agricultural tractors are equipped with a suspended front axle. However, a rear axle suspension for standard tractors is still too expensive and has thus not prevailed yet. The increasing percentage of transportation duties and the efforts to increase the productivity generate a high demand for even faster agricultural tractors. Therefore, the first standard tractor with a maximum driving speed of 60 km/h was presented in 2005. This speed was achievable without a major change of the vehicle?s basic design. However, even higher driving speeds will require substantial modifications of the vehicle?s concept and are thus not expected very soon. Since the agricultural tractors are designed mainly for the field work, their driving dynamics characteristics on the road are not always perfect. The high vehicle masses, possible insufficiencies in the construction and interaction of various vehicle components together with the missing rear axle suspension can lead to critical behaviour of the vehicle, especially during high speed cornering. The entire suspension on the rear axle is accomplished by the tyres. Since the agricultural tyres are mainly designed for carrying high loads and generating high draft forces on soft soil, their driving dynamics properties on the road are rather insufficient. They usually have a radial run-out with an amplitude of 1-2 mm. Due to the rather low damping of the agricultural tyres, this rather small run-out can cause vibrations with a quite high amplitude, especially if the excitation is close to the eigenfrequency of the vehicle. Furthermore, the tyre inflation pressure varies between 0.8 and 2.0 bar - which is a relatively large span - making the vehicle setup more difficult. To analyse the driving dynamics of agricultural tractors and to identify possible problems and insufficiencies at an early stage of development simulation models are used. A very important part of a vehicle model is the tyre model. Being the link between the vehicle and the ground, the tyre has a high influence on the vehicle behaviour. It is therefore essential to use an accurate tyre model. Most of the commercially available tyre models today are optimized for passenger car tyres and are thus of limited use for soft and large agricultural tyres. In this doctoral thesis at the University of Hohenheim a dynamic model for agricultural tyres on rigid surfaces was developed ? the Hohenheim Tyre Model. It is a hybrid model since it needs physical parameters like spring and damper coefficients as well as empirically obtained data for the tyre-ground-characteristics. The Hohenheim Tyre Model uses the wheel speeds and the speed of the tyre tread to calculate the deflection velocity and the deflection of the tyre and subsequently uses both values as inputs for spring-damper-elements. The force calculated in these so-called Voigt-Kelvin-Elements is finally used to determine the slip and the slip angle of the wheel. The tyre model was created in MATLAB/Simulink and can be coupled to any multi-body-software. The model allows to calculate the transient tyre behaviour in three dimensions with a low computational effort, which makes it adequate for driving dynamics simulation. It takes the nonlinearities of the tyre into account and calculates the forces for pure longitudinal or lateral slip as well as for combined slip conditions.