Unwanted souvenirs - import routes and pathogen detection of the non-endemic tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. in Germany

Abstract

Ticks of the Genus Rhipicephalus occur worldwide. Especially members of Rh. sanguineus s.l. are primarily associated with dogs. As unwanted souvenirs, they are introduced by dogs into non-endemic areas such as Germany, where they can establish and reproduce indoors . A citizen-science study was conducted between 2019 and 2024, asking interested citizens to report tick infestations and send in travel related tick findings which were associated with dogs and were focused on Rhipicephalus species. Tick species were identified using the 16S rRNA gene and tested for pathogens associated with the genus Rhipicephalus . In addition, each tick introduction was considered as a case and categorized and analyzed individually. During the study period, 44 cases were reported. In 17 cases tick specimens were identified as Rh. sanguineus s.s., Rh. rutilus , Rh. linnaei, Rh. turanicus , and Rh. haemaphysaloides which were imported from other European countries and Sri Lanka. Neither Hepatozoon canis , Ehrlichia canis nor Babesia vogeli were detected in any of the 780 received specimens. In contrast, Rickettsia spp. was detected in 50 specimens from six independent cases, with Rickettsia massiliae being identified in 44 specimens. The import of dogs from abroad as well as travel with dogs lacking appropriate tick prophylaxis are responsible for more than 80% of cases. This Project highlights the risk of introductions of non-endemic tick species. Also, professionals such as veterinarians, animal welfare organizations and pest controllers need to be made aware of the possible introduction of Rhipicephalus spp. to ensure early recognition and rapid elimination of the ticks.