Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the phosphate transporter gene family in Zea mays under phosphorus stress

Abstract

Phosphorus is one of the key limiting factors for maize growth and productivity, and low-phosphorus stress severely restricts crop yield and stability. Enhancing the ability of maize to grow under low-phosphorus stress and improving phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) are crucial for achieving high and stable yields. Phosphate transporter (PHT) family proteins play a crucial role in the absorption, transport, and utilization of phosphorus in plants. In this study, we systematically identified the PHT gene family in maize, followed by the phylogenetic, gene structure, and expression profiles. The results show that these genes are widely distributed across the 10 chromosomes of maize, forming multiple subfamilies, with the PHT1 subfamily having the largest number. Cis-regulatory element analysis revealed that these genes might play key roles in plant stress responses and hormone regulation. Transcriptome analysis under phosphorus-deficient and normal conditions demonstrated developmental stage- and tissue-specific expression patterns, identifying candidate genes, such as ZmPHT1-3 , ZmPHT1-4 , ZmPHT1-10 , and ZmPHO1-H3 , involved in phosphorus stress response. This study presents a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the PHT gene family in maize, providing key molecular resources for improving phosphorus use efficiency and breeding phosphorus-efficient maize varieties.