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Institut für Landwirtschaftliche Betriebslehre

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    Modelling of particulate matter and ammonia emissions from German agriculture
    (2016) Beletskaya, Olga; Zeddies, Jürgen
    Agricultural production comes along with numerous environmental effects, such as contribution to climate change, harmful to health emission impacts as well as eutrophication and acidification of soils and waters. Political regulations and environmental protection measures at the national and international level shall support development of sustainable agriculture. The intention of this work is to analyze the alterations of particulate matter, ammonia, and greenhouse gas losses from German agriculture arising due to adaptations in agricultural and environmental policy, and to find out efficient PM and NH3emission abatement options. To show, how certain economic and political conditions and their adjustment over time do affect amount of NH3, PM, and GHG released from agriculture and to evaluate emission mitigation options, economic-ecological static integer linear model, EFEM (Economic Farm Emission Model), has been developed. Following exogenous parameters have been integrated into the model: emission factors and the activities data stemming from FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) and census databases. In EFEM farm structure, production activities and extrapolation tool are represented in the system of interrelated modules for five farm types, i.e., arable farms, forage-growing, mixed and intensive livestock farms (one with the emphasises on pig husbandry and another one specializing in poultry production). The modelling is done for three German counties and each of them has focus regions, which are exemplary for important sources of PM, NH3, and GHG emissions in agriculture. Thus, following study regions have been chosen: Baden-Württemberg characterized by forage growing prevailing there, Lower Saxony marked by intensive livestock productions and Brandenburg due to its sandy arable sites at risk of erosion. The individual scenarios analyse abatement and financial efficiency of the adjustments of emission sources. Emission sources are adjusted in the framework of the emission relevant agricultural production practice, as exclusion of urea from mineral fertilization practices, switching from slurry to solid manure based livestock housing systems, introduction of crude protein reduced feeding by pigs and poultry, environmentally friendly slurry storage and land application, reduced tillage, and installation of exhaust air treatment systems in pig barns. Relatively efficient abatement of NH3 results from the exclusion of urea from fertilization practice at farms and in regions with higher land endowments, the switch from liquid to solid manure based housing system for cattle and the injection of liquid manure into the soil and covering manure storage with granulate at farms and in regions with comparatively high livestock density. Efficient PM and GHG emission reductions, mainly due to carbon sequestration, follows the introduction of the reduced tillage. Installation of Exhaust Air Treatment Systems, such as one-stage and multiple-stage chemical scrubbers, results in relatively expensive but more efficient measure for the reduction of both NH3 and PM losses. Net benefit, as the difference between reduced costs of damage for human health and environment and mitigation costs, gives the insight into the effect of abatement measure for the overall economy. Among all scenarios analysed in this study, the emission abatement options assuring maximal net benefits and emissions reduction are combined together and suggested as the abatement strategy at the farm and policy level. The scenario results are compared with national emission abatement ratios proposed by the European Commission for the years between 2020 and 2029. However, this efficiency of each individual abatement measure varies for study regions due to their individual conditions. Increasing attention to environmental problems at the regional and global level requires higher contribution of scientists from all over the world to the definition of pollution and emission abatement status. This study demonstrates the relevance of further investigation of PM and NH3 emissions in and from agriculture and of the ways to abate them.