Agricultural Engineering Research - English edition

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Adaptability of milking clusters to different udder formations in different milking systems
(2006) Rose, Sandra; Brunsch, Reiner; Schröter, Knut; Huschke, Wolfram; Klimetschek, Hans-Jörg
One important reason for udder damage may be the milk- ing equipment, especially wrong positioning of the milk- ing unit, leading to the teats being pulled by different forces. For this reason the German Agricultural Society has developed a test machine, making it possible to meas- ure four forces at the teats. To examine the influence of the resulting forces caused by different udder formations and differences between the milking systems, two udder formations were tested using different makes of automatic milking systems (AMS) and conventional milking systems (CMS). Wrong positioning of teat cups was ascertained in both systems. In CMS this was influenced mainly by the type of milking parlour and the type of support arms, and in AMS mainly by single tube guiding.
Brown Coal reduces Slurry Emissions - Basic Investigations of the Reduction of Emissions from Slurry through Treatment with Fine-Grain Brown Coal
(2002) Hörnig, Günter; Brunsch, Reiner; Biegel, Anita; Noack, Michael
Fine-grain brown coal from the Lausitz region has been tested in the la- boratory at dosages of 3 and 5 mass-% as an alternative to swimming layers of slurry and straw. Three series of trials were carried out using slurry with dry matter contents (DM) common in practice: cattle slurry with DM = 5%, 7%, and 8.9% as well as pig slurry having a DM = 5.2% and 7.6% Together with floating slurry particles, fine-grain brown coal forms dense swimming layers, which cause a drastic reduction in odorant emission. In cattle slurry stored under undisturbed conditions, the reduc- tion amounted to approximately 70% and, after homogenizing, to 90% to 98%. In pig slurry, a 92% to 98% reduction was achieved, both before and after homogenizing. The addition of brown coal reduces the pH-value of the slurry by about 0.2 to 0.3 units and NH3 release by up to 30%. The treatment of pig slurry with fine-grain brown coal improves the con- ditions for effective solid-liquid separation into an easily conveyable liquid and a well-transportable solid with high contents of nutrients and humin. Investigations regarding the use of the large humin content of this brown coal for the long-term formation of humus remain to be carried out. In addition, questions concerning process engineering and the economic efficiency of slurry treatment with brown coal still need to be answered.

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