Fakultät Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften

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Die Fakultät vereint Forschung und moderne Lehre nach internationalen Standards. Das Hohenheimer Modell verzahnt dabei betriebs- und volkswirtschaftliche, sozial- und rechtswissenschaftliche Aspekte.

Homepage: https://wiso.uni-hohenheim.de/

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The effect of violent conflict on calorie consumption and dietary quality in Iraq
(2024) Parigi, Marta; Parigi, Marta;
By combining 2012 Living Standard Measurement Survey cross-sectional survey responses and georeferenced conflict data, this study quantifies the effect of violent conflict on food security and dietary quality in Iraq. Specifically, it estimates the effect of physical insecurity on different food security dimensions, including caloric consumption and household dietary diversity. Because disrespecting war-related foreign national cemeteries is a war crime that discourages nearby fighting, instrumenting conflict intensity by the exogenous variation in distance between these sites and household place of residence addresses potential sources of bias. The instrumental variable analysis confirms the positive (negative) effect of conflict—deriving from state, non-state and one-sided violence (e.g., attacks by the Islamic State)—on per capita caloric consumption (household dietary diversity), which although counterintuitive is unsurprising given Iraq's relatively high-income levels and changes in dietary pattern. Given that the primary driver of conflict's positive effect on calories is increased consumption of carbohydrates and, to a lesser extent, saturated fat, these results suggest that in countries transitioning to Western-style diets, violent conflict may drive the population toward an unhealthier diet, contributing heavily to a growing national prevalence of nutrition-related non-communicable diseases.
Need strength, perceived need support, stress symptomatology, and performance in the context of oral exams: A typological approach
(2022) Schürmann, Linda; Kärner, Tobias; Ringeisen, Tobias
Introduction: Based on self-determination theory, we investigated whether examinees are classifiable into profiles based on basic need strength and perceived need support that differ in stress parameters and achievement in the context of a standardized oral exam. Methods: 92 students reported their basic need strength before and perceived need support provided by the examiner once after the exam. Students indicated their emotions and stress perception at four measurement points and we measured their saliva cortisol concurrently, analyzing stress-related changes over time. Results: Latent class analyses revealed two higher-quality (low/high, high/high) and two lower-quality (low/low, high/low) need strength/need support classes. Physio-affective stress development was typical of exam situations. Higher-quality classes that met or exceeded the needs displayed more beneficial stress and emotion response patterns than lower-quality classes. Gain-related emotions mediated achievement in the higher-quality classes. Discussion: Need-supportive examiners can promote student well-being and achievement when they succeed in providing high need satisfaction.
The COVID-19 pandemic and emergencies in Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery: An analysis of patients presenting to emergency rooms in South-West Germany: A bi-center study
(2024) Wolpert, Stephan; Knoblich, Nora; Holderried, Martin; Becker, Sven; Schade-Mann, Thore; Wolpert, Stephan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, BW, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.W.);; Knoblich, Nora; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, BW, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.W.);; Holderried, Martin; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, BW, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.W.);; Becker, Sven; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, BW, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.W.);; Schade-Mann, Thore; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, BW, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.W.);; Mitra, Amal K.
This study was designed to examine the changes in emergency room visits in otolaryngology, head and neck surgery, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study included 11,277 patients who presented to a tertiary care hospital (ER) and an emergency practice (EP) during on-call hours in the first half of 2018, 2019, and 2020. The epidemiologic parameters, diagnoses, and level of urgency were recorded using a four-step scale. A comparison was made between the pre-pandemic years and 2020. The findings revealed a significant decrease in the frequency of ER visits in the second quarter of 2020 compared to 2019 (ER: 30.8%, EP: 37.8%), mainly due to the fact that there were significantly fewer patients, with low levels of urgency. Certain diagnoses, such as epistaxis (−3.0%) and globus sensation (−3.2%), were made at similar frequencies to 2019, while inflammatory diseases like skin infections (−51.2%), tonsillitis (−55.6%), sinusitis (−59%), and otitis media (−70.4%) showed a significant reduction. The study concludes that patients with a low triage level were less likely to visit the ER during the early stages of the pandemic, but some diagnoses were still observed at comparable rates. This suggests a disparity in perception between patients and ER staff regarding urgency. Many of the issues discussed were also emphasized in the 2024 proposal by the German Ministry of Health to reform emergency care in Germany.

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