Institut für Bodenkunde und Standortslehre

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Ein Vergleich zwischen Barometrischer Prozessseparation (BaPS) und 15N-Verdünnungsmethode zur Bestimmung der Bruttonitrifikationsrate im Boden
(2010) Schwarz, Ulrich; Streck, Thilo
Besides the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle plays a central role in soil. A key process of this cycle is nitrification. In practice, nitrification is measured as gross or net nitrification. Net nitrification rates are measured by determining the net change in the nitrate or ammonium pool over a period of time. Net rates are difficult to interpret, because the net nitrification rate is the sum of nitrate producing and consuming processes. In contrast, gross nitrification quantifies the total production of nitrate via nitrification. There are two methods for measuring gross nitrification: the 15N-Pool dilution technique and Barometric Process Separation (BaPS). In the 15N-Pool dilution technique, nitrate en-riched with the heavier isotope 15N is added to soil, and the dilution of the 15N pool and the change in the nitrate pool are measured over time. The BaPS method measures changes in pressure and the oxygen- and carbon dioxide concentration of the atmosphere in a closed chamber. The gross nitrification rate can then be computed by a step-by-step solution of the gas balance equations. In the present study, 15N enriched nitrate was added to soil and then put into the BaPS-incubation chamber. By this procedure gross nitrification rates were measured simultaneously with both the 15N-Pool dilution technique and the BaPS method. The aim of the present study was to find out under which conditions the two methods yield similar results and under which conditions different results. In the latter case, the thesis aimed at elucidating the cause for the disagreement between both methods. For this purpose extensive research on two agricultural soils from North China and three soils from Southwest Germany was undertaken. The two methods were compared under the following conditions: 1) application of ammonium fertilizer, 2) addition of nitrification inhibitors, 3) varying soil wa-ter contents, and 4) different soil temperatures. Moreover, a new methodological approach was tested: the 13CO2-Pool dilution technique. Combining this method with the 15N-Pool dilu-tion technique and the Barometric Process Separation made it possible to exactly determine the pH and respiration coefficient in situ. Both techniques corresponded well in soil with pH<6. In soil with higher pH, both methods led to very different results. The reason is that pH has a strong impact on the calculation of the nitrification rate in the BaPS method. In nearly all experiments with neutral to alkaline soils, the BaPS technique yielded higher nitrification rates than the 15N-Pool dilution technique if pH was determined in 0.01 M CaCl2. With pH determined in water, there was good agreement or nitrification rates were too low. Fertilization with ammonium did not in-duce an increase of nitrification in a sandy soil with pH<6. A decrease in nitrification to less than 60% was achieved by the application of the nitrification inhibitor DCD. For both techniques a positive correlation between temperature and nitrification rates was found. There was no correlation between water filled pore space and nitrification rate.

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