Publikationsfonds der Universität Hohenheim

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Contamination-controlled upper gastrointestinal microbiota profiling reveals salivary-duodenal community types linked to opportunistic pathogen carriage and inflammation
(2025) Schmidt, Nina S.; Dörner, Elisabeth; Podlesny, Daniel; Bohlhammer, Elisabeth; Bubeck, Alena M.; Ruple, Hannah K.; Tetzlaff-Lelleck, Vivian; Sina, Christian; Schmidt, Herbert; Fricke, Florian W.
The upper gastrointestinal (uGI) microbiota has been implicated in infectious, metabolic, and immunological conditions, yet remains poorly characterized due to invasive sampling and low microbial biomass. We developed and validated a contamination-controlled 16S rRNA gene and transcript-based protocol to profile the murine and human uGI microbiota from low-biomass samples. We applied this protocol to murine esophageal, gastric, and duodenal tissues, and to human saliva, gastric, and duodenal aspirates from patients undergoing endoscopy for suspected food-related, mild GI symptoms. Our objective was to identify conserved compositional and structural uGI microbiota patterns and assess their clinical relevance in relation to pathogen burden and inflammation. In mice, we found evidence for transcriptionally inactive and active intestinal taxa along the uGI tract, supporting horizontal microbiota transfer. In humans, we identified two distinct, inversely correlated salivary microbiota types – one dominated by the Prevotella 7 genus – which were conserved in the duodenum. The Prevotella 7-dominated uGI microbiota type was associated with lower relative abundances of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal opportunistic pathogens. These patterns were reproducible in an independent cohort and associated with lower systemic TNF-α levels. Our findings suggest that noninvasive salivary microbiota profiling can stratify individuals based on uGI microbiota composition and inflammation-associated risk traits, offering new opportunities for clinical applications and translational studie
Metabolic adaptation to energetic demands of early lactation in Holstein Friesian and Simmental cows
(2025) Ruda, Lena; Straub, C.; Scholz, A.M.; Huber, Korinna
Holstein Friesian (HF) is the highest-performing dairy breed worldwide. However, this breed is prone to suffer from health disorders and infertility due to metabolic instability. The aim of the study was to use the metabolic differences between to breed, German HF and German Simmental (SI), for discussion of the biological impact of well-known and novel pathways and their respective indicators. Therefore, a targeted metabolomics approach combined with an examination of classical clinical chemistry using plasma samples was used to describe the metabolic status 42 days before expected calving and at day 21 of lactation. In total, 27 multiparous cows (HF n = 17, SI n = 10) were enrolled in the study. All cows were kept on the same farm under identical management, feeding and housing conditions. BW of HF cows dropped while SI cows maintained their BW but produced less milk than HF cows during the first weeks of lactation. Differences were detected for the following indicators and related pathways, and were used to assess their biological impact. Branched-chain amino acids such as leucine and isoleucine at day +21 remained as high as at day −42 in HF cows; however, in SI cows, a clear drop in these amino acids was observed indicating less body protein mobilisation in this breed. Alpha amino-adipic acid and kynurenine as markers for oxidative stress balance were increased at day +21 in HF cows, only reflecting a metabolically more tensed condition in HF cows. As a conclusion, these findings confirm the impact of these metabolites on a higher risk to suffer from metabolic disorders.
Growth performance, phytate degradation, and tibia characteristics of broiler chickens fed pelleted diets with varying feed particle sizes and phytase levels
(2025) Wolfrum, Stephanie; Francesch, Maria; Jimenez-Moya, Beatriz; Feuerstein, Dieter; Rodehutscord, Markus
The objective was to investigate the effects of feed particle size and microbial phytase supplementation of pelleted diets on growth performance, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) degradation, and tibia characteristics in broiler chickens. Ross 308 broilers were housed in 56 floor pens in groups of 42, and seven pens were allocated to one of eight dietary treatments to measure the performance data on day 38 of age. From day 21 to 26, six birds from each floor pen were moved to metabolism units with the same distribution of treatments for digestibility and bone measurements. For the starter phase, two diets with fine or coarse particle size (429 or 657 µm mean particle size, determined after feed processing by wet sieving) were formulated and added with 500 FTU phytase/kg. For the grower and finisher phase, diets were arranged with two particle sizes (fine and coarse, 434 or 729 µm) and four phytase levels (0, 300, 600, and 1,200 FTU/kg). No significant interactions between particle size and phytase were determined. Prececal InsP6 disappearance and P digestibility were higher with fine than coarse particles, indicating that coarse grinding of rapeseed meal may not benefit birds. Increasing phytase supplementation increased ADG, ADFI, prececal InsP6 disappearance and P digestibility, tibia ash, and tibia breaking strength. Under the conditions of this study, birds were sufficiently supplied with P at a total P level of 4.0 g/kg and phytase supplementation of 1,200 FTU/kg. Renouncement of feed phosphate in the grower and finisher phase was possible without impaired performance.
Interactions between dietary phytate concentration and phytase level on phytate degradation and amino acid digestibility in broiler chickens
(2025) Wolfrum, Stephanie; Siegert, Wolfgang; Rubio-Cervantes, Ismael; Liebhold, Tina Marie; Feuerstein, Dieter; Camarinha-Silva, Amélia; Rodehutscord, Markus
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) concentration and added phytase on gastrointestinal InsP6 degradation, prececal digestibility of P, Ca, and amino acids (AA), and MEN in broiler chickens. Dietary InsP6 was increased by graded substitution of corn starch with a mixture of 50 % soybean meal, 20 % rapeseed meal, 20 % sunflower meal, and 10 % rice bran (oilseed meal-rice bran level (ORL)). The experiment was arranged in a 4 × 3-factorial design with 4 ORL (leading to 1.4, 1.9, 2.4, and 3.0 g InsP6-P/kg) and 3 phytase levels (500, 1,500, and 3,000 FTU/kg). Male Ross 308 broilers were allocated to 84 metabolism units in groups of 10 and assigned to 1 of the 12 diets. InsP6 disappearance in the crop decreased with increasing ORL (45 to 24 %; P = 0.001). Prececal InsP6 disappearance and P digestibility linearly decreased with increasing ORL at 500 FTU/kg (83 to 56 % and 80 to 62 %; P < 0.001). Minor differences were determined for prececal InsP6 disappearance and P digestibility among ORL at 1,500 and 3,000 FTU/kg, but values decreased with increasing ORL (91 to 83 % and 87 to 81 %, respectively; P < 0.001). When prececal InsP6 disappearance relative to FTU was regressed against dietary InsP6, the relationship was non-linear at 500 FTU/kg but linear at 1,500 and 3,000 FTU/kg. Cecal InsP6 concentration increased with ORL and decreased with phytase (P < 0.001). Except for cysteine, prececal digestibility of all AA and MEN decreased with increasing ORL. The data indicated that phytase supplemented at or above 1,500 FTU/kg did not limit gastrointestinal InsP6 degradation and AA digestibility at high InsP6 concentrations of the fee
How effective and efficient is the generation of nature-based carbon removal quantified according to the regulation on carbon removal and carbon farming certification? An evaluation based on the example of a hypothetical agroforestry system in Baden-Württemberg
(2025) Geier, Cecilia Roxanne; Angenendt, Elisabeth; Bahrs, Enno; Sponagel, Christian
Nature-based carbon removal (CR) could play a key role in achieving climate neutrality but it does face quantification challenges. This study evaluates the effectiveness and efficiency of CR quantification under the Carbon Removals and Carbon Farming (CRCF) Regulation, using Baden-Württemberg (Germany) as a case study. We designed a hypothetical agroforestry system for valuable timber production compliant with the CRCF requirements, modelling potential GHG emission reductions and the benefit-potential ratio (share of the CRCF-compliant net CR benefit within the total GHG emission mitigation potential). The results revealed a significant shortfall between the total GHG mitigation potential (350 kt CO2eq) and the actual net CR benefit (205 kt CO2eq), representing only 5 % of BW’s agricultural emissions. The benefit-potential ratio was at most 59 %, with abatement costs ranging from €59 to €153 t CO2eq-1. Conservative estimates to improve reliability further lowered the ratio to 24 %, pushing costs to €244 t CO2eq-1. While agroforestry does manifest regional CR generation potential, it is unlikely to contribute significantly to large-scale CR under the current CRCF framework, as both flaws within its quantification base and the inherent properties of nature-based CR limit its effectiveness. Although transferability is restricted by focusing on valuable timber production in BW, our results highlighted the need for harmonized emission factors, system boundary definitions (particularly indirect land use change), and a clear distinction between CR (e.g., from carbon sequestration in soils) and reduced soil emissions. We advocate balancing the use of agroforestry with more durable CR strategies and imposing caps on nature-based CR contributions to ensure robust climate action.
Chloride application enhances photosynthesis and facilitates nitrate translocation while driving chloride translocation into roots
(2025) Wei, Guanghui; Zhang, Xudong; Franzisky, Bastian L.; Geilfus, Christoph‐Martin; Zörb, Christian; Wei, Guanghui; Institute of Crop Science, Quality of Plant Products, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Zhang, Xudong; Institute of Crop Science, Quality of Plant Products, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Franzisky, Bastian L.; Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany; Geilfus, Christoph‐Martin; Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany; Zörb, Christian; Institute of Crop Science, Quality of Plant Products, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
Chloride and nitrate are essential mineral elements for crop growth. Due to their similar physical and electrochemical properties, their uptake and translocation interact antagonistically. This suggests that applying chloride to the leaf canopy during the late grain‐filling stage of cereals might enhance nitrate use efficiency. Hence, it remains uncertain whether foliar‐applied chloride at the late growth stage stimulates nitrate translocation from mature to younger leaves. To explore this possibility, two contrasting faba bean varieties were grown in a climate‐controlled chamber. Nitrate concentrations of approximately 50 and 93 μg mg FW −1 , respectively, were established in leaves by depleting nitrogen in the rooting medium. Based on these two nitrate concentrations in mature leaves, chloride was applied to the leaf canopy. Measurements of biomass, photosynthesis, and nitrate and chloride concentrations in both young and mature leaves revealed that chloride foliar application raised nitrate levels in younger leaves from 7.1 to 9.5 μmol g FW −1 and boosted photosynthesis by approximately 35%. However, one of the two faba bean varieties did not respond significantly to the chloride foliar application. These findings indicate that chloride application facilitates nitrate translocation from mature to younger leaves, potentially improving grain nitrogen supply. As a result, nitrate use efficiency might be increased by chloride application during late growth stages, although this effect is genotype‐dependent.
Teacher well-being — a conceptual systematic review (2020–2023)
(2025) Kurrle, Laura Maria; Warwas, Julia; Kaiser, Till; Reintjes, Christian
Teacher well-being (TWB) is increasingly recognized as being influential on educational outcomes, teacher retention, and overall school performance. However, despite a growing body of empirical research, TWB remains conceptually ambiguous, with multiple, often conflicting definitions and models, which hinders the comparability of findings. The essential question ( What are the conceptual models of TWB that form the basis of studies? ) is answered with a Conceptual Systematic Review (CSR), analyzing 168 recent publications, to synthesize the usage and frequency of TWB-related terms. The CSR identifies three perspectives—Conditions, Components, and Outcomes—each comprising multiple categories and subcategories that often show overlaps or inconsistencies. Our review reveals that within a widely shared notion of TWB as a psychological construct with positive cognitive and affective connotations, certain sets of factors, in particular individual factors such as beliefs/evaluations and emotions/affect, are proposed as conditions in some studies and as components in other studies. These results call for clearer distinctions between TWB’s constitutive elements and its (hypothetically) determining elements. By offering a systematic framework for understanding and sorting research on TWB, the reported review provides a foundation for future studies. Ultimately, a precise conceptualization could inform future interventions and policies aiming to foster TWB.
A sensitive bioassay to measure NOD1/2 ligands in human serum reveals differential postprandial NOD2 activation
(2025) Biber, Lucy; Schart, Nadine; Bosy-Westphal, Anja; Kufer, Thomas A.; Biber, Lucy; Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Schart, Nadine; Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Bosy-Westphal, Anja; Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany; Kufer, Thomas A.; Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
Food intake is associated with the occurrence of components and metabolites from the gut microbiota in the bloodstream. Using a widely utilised cell-based assay to measure bacterial peptidoglycan via pattern-recognition receptor activation, we found that the performance of this assay is significantly influenced by the presence of other serum components. To address this challenge, an alternative luciferase-based reporter assay protocol was established to accurately measure NOD1 and NOD2 activation by serum samples with high sensitivity. Utilising postprandial human serum samples, we tested this assay and showed that the concentration of NOD2-activating ligands differed in the postprandial phase. Together, we provide a protocol to measure NOD1/2 activation by human serum samples and highlight a role for NOD2 in the postprandial response.
Dependence of the abundance of reed glass-winged cicadas (Pentastiridius leporinus (Linnaeus, 1761)) on weather and climate in the Upper Rhine Valley, Southwest Germany
(2025) Kakarla, Sai Kiran; Schall, Eric; Dettweiler, Anna; Stohl, Jana; Glaser, Elisabeth; Adam, Hannah; Teubler, Franziska; Ingwersen, Joachim; Sauer, Tilmann; Piepho, Hans-Peter; Lang, Christian; Streck, Thilo; Kakarla, Sai Kiran; Department of Biogeophysics, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Schall, Eric; Association of Hessian-Palatinate Sugar Beet Growers e.V., Rathenaustraße 10, 67547 Worms, Germany; Dettweiler, Anna; Association of Hessian-Palatinate Sugar Beet Growers e.V., Rathenaustraße 10, 67547 Worms, Germany; Stohl, Jana; Association of Hessian-Palatinate Sugar Beet Growers e.V., Rathenaustraße 10, 67547 Worms, Germany; Glaser, Elisabeth; Association of Hessian-Palatinate Sugar Beet Growers e.V., Rathenaustraße 10, 67547 Worms, Germany; Adam, Hannah; Association of Hessian-Palatinate Sugar Beet Growers e.V., Rathenaustraße 10, 67547 Worms, Germany; Teubler, Franziska; Center of Excellence for Climate Change Impacts, Research Institute of Forest Ecology and Forestry Rhineland-Palatinate, 67705 Trippstadt, Germany; Ingwersen, Joachim; Department of Biogeophysics, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Sauer, Tilmann; Center of Excellence for Climate Change Impacts, Research Institute of Forest Ecology and Forestry Rhineland-Palatinate, 67705 Trippstadt, Germany; Piepho, Hans-Peter; Department of Biogeophysics, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Lang, Christian; Association of Hessian-Palatinate Sugar Beet Growers e.V., Rathenaustraße 10, 67547 Worms, Germany; Streck, Thilo; Department of Biogeophysics, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Guo, Jianying
The planthopper Pentastiridius leporinus , commonly called reed glass-winged cicada, transmits the pathogens “ Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus” and “ Candidatus Phytoplasma solani”, which are infesting sugar beet and, most recently, also potato in the Upper Rhine valley area of Germany. They cause the “Syndrome Basses Richesses” associated with reduced yield and sugar content in sugar beet, leading to substantial monetary losses to farmers in the region. No effective solutions exist currently. This study uses statistical models to understand to what extent the abundance of cicadas depends on climate regions during the vegetation period (April–October). We further investigated what influence temperature and precipitation have on the abundance of the cicadas in sugar beet fields. Furthermore, we investigated the possible impacts of future climate on cicada abundance. Also, 22 °C and 8 mm/day were found to be the optimal temperature and precipitation conditions for peak male cicada flight activity, while 28 °C and 8 mm/day were the optimum for females. By the end of the 21st century, daily male cicada abundance is projected to increase significantly under the worst-case high greenhouse gas emission scenario RCP8.5 (RCP-Representative Concentration Pathways), with confidence intervals suggesting a possible 5–15-fold increase compared to current levels. In contrast, under the low-emission scenario RCP2.6, male cicada populations are projected to be 60–70% lower than RCP8.5. An understanding of the influence of changing temperature and precipitation conditions is crucial for predicting the spread of this pest to different regions of Germany and other European countries.
Genotypic responses to combined effects of VPD and salinity in hydroponically grown tomato and cucumber
(2025) Puppala, Hemanth Kumar; Germer, Jörn; Asch, Folkard; Puppala, Hemanth Kumar; Hans‐Ruthenberg‐Institute for Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Germer, Jörn; Hans‐Ruthenberg‐Institute for Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Asch, Folkard; Hans‐Ruthenberg‐Institute for Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
To reduce pressure on arable land and water resources, crops can be grown in controlled environments that allow one to recuperate water transpired by plants. This would reduce water demand and potentially allow the use of saline water. However, condensing atmospheric water affects the vapor pressure deficit (VPD), which will affect plant transpiration, nutrient transport, salt uptake, and ultimate growth. This study examined responses of two genotypes of tomato and cucumber during the vegetative phase to varying VPD levels (3.1 and 1.9 kPa) and NaCl concentrations (0 and 30 mM) grown in hydroponic solutions. Under higher VPD (3.1 kPa), transpiration significantly increased in both tomato and cucumber, driving higher water loss. In tomatoes, higher VPD (3.1 kPa) increased the total dry biomass of the Saluoso genotype from 4.3 to 7.1 g and of the Sweeterno genotype from 4.9 to 7.3 g. Root zone salinity diminished the differences in biomass induced by VPD, with little effect on biomass accumulation in both tomato genotypes. Root zone salinity consistently reduced dry weight in cucumber, lowering Addison's from 15.5 to 9.5 g and Proloog's from 13.5 to 10.0 g, regardless of VPD. Unlike tomato, cucumber did not respond to VPD and was more sensitive to salinity. These findings indicate that in hydroponic cultivation, particularly in protected environments, the possibility of producing clean water alongside crop production depends on species‐specific responses. In tomatoes, high VPD enhanced growth and demonstrated compatibility with the use of saline water, supporting the dual goal of productivity and water recovery. However, in cucumbers, the sensitivity to salinity and lack of response to VPD highlight the need for careful species selection and management to achieve sustainable water use and crop production.
A computer vision approach for quantifying leaf shape of maize (Zea mays L.) and simulating its impact on light interception
(2025) Otto, Dina; Munz, Sebastian; Memic, Emir; Hartung, Jens; Graeff-Hönninger, Simone; Otto, Dina; Institute of Crop Science, Agronomy Department, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Munz, Sebastian; Institute of Crop Science, Agronomy Department, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Memic, Emir; Institute of Crop Science, Agronomy Department, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Hartung, Jens; Department Sustainable Agriculture and Energy Systems, University of Applied Science, Freising, Germany; Graeff-Hönninger, Simone; Institute of Crop Science, Agronomy Department, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
The precise determination of leaf shape is crucial for the quantification of morphological variations between individual leaf ranks and cultivars and simulating their impact on light interception in functional-structural plant models (FSPMs). Standard manual measurements on destructively collected leaves are time-intensive and prone to errors, particularly in maize ( Zea mays L.), which has large, undulating leaves that are difficult to flatten. To overcome these limitations, this study presents a new camera method developed as an image-based computer vision approach method for maize leaf shape analysis. A field experiment was conducted with seven commonly used silage maize cultivars at the experimental station Heidfeldhof, University of Hohenheim, Germany, in 2022. To determine the dimensions of fully developed leaves per rank and cultivar, three destructive measurements were conducted until flowering. The new camera method employs a GoPro Hero8 Black camera, integrated within an LI-3100C Area Meter, to capture high-resolution videos (1920 × 1080 pixels, 60 fps). A semi-automated software facilitates object detection, contour extraction, and leaf width determination, including calibration for accuracy. Validation was performed using pixel-counting and contrast analysis, comparing results against standard manual measurements to assess accuracy and reliability. Leaf width functions were fitted to quantify leaf shape parameters. Statistical analysis comparing cultivars and leaf ranks identified significant differences in leaf shape parameters (p < 0.01) for term alpha and term a . Simulations within a FSPM demonstrated that variations in leaf shape can alter light interception by up to 7%, emphasizing the need for precise parameterization in crop growth models. The new camera method provides a basis for future studies investigating rank-dependent leaf shape effects, which can offer an accurate representation of the canopy in FSPMs and improve agricultural decision-making.
Reduced body mass in a highly insectivorous mammal, the garden dormouse — ecological consequences of insect decline?
(2025) Erhardt, Stefanie; Förschler, Marc I.; Fietz, Joanna; Erhardt, Stefanie; Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Förschler, Marc I.; Department for Ecological Monitoring, Research and Species Protection, Black Forest National Park, Seebach, Germany; Fietz, Joanna; Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
Biodiversity is decreasing worldwide, and early indicators are needed to identify endangered populations before they start to decline in abundance. In mammals, body mass (BM) is regarded as an indicator of fitness, and its loss is used as an early warning signal preceding population decline. The garden dormouse ( Eliomys quercinus , Gliridae, BM: 60–110 g) is a small mammalian hibernator that has disappeared from over 50% of its former range in the last decades. The aim of this study was to investigate whether garden dormice from a presumably thriving and stable population already show early warning signals, which may precede a population decline. We therefore conducted capture‐mark‐recapture studies during 2003–2005 (Period 1) and 2018–2021 (Period 2) in the Northern Black Forest, one of its last natural distribution areas in Germany. We collected fecal samples, measured BM, and tibia length as a proxy for size and age. Results revealed that in Period 2 adult dormice had a significantly lower (12%) pre‐hibernation BM, corrected for body size, and juveniles showed a significantly lower BM gain after weaning than nearly two decades ago. Fecal samples collected in Period 2 showed that arthropods represented the main food residues in fecal samples during juvenile growth and pre‐hibernation fattening. Ambient temperature during hibernation showed no correlation with BM at emergence. We could not detect a phenological time shift in reproduction; however, we found only one birth peak in Period 2, compared with two birth peaks in Period 1. Observed changes in BM and reproduction pattern represent early warning signals, as they point to an insufficient availability of high‐quality food, which prevents dormice from meeting their nutritional requirements, with potentially serious consequences for their reproductive success and survival. As arthropods are the dominant food resource, their decline may at least partly explain this phenomenon.
Stigmatisation of gambling disorder in social media: a tailored deep learning approach for YouTube comments
(2025) Singer, Johannes; Singer, Johannes; Gambling Research Center, University of Hohenheim, Schwerzstraße 44, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
Background: The stigmatisation of gamblers, particularly those with a gambling disorder, and self-stigmatisation are considered substantial barriers to seeking help and treatment. To develop effective strategies to reduce the stigma associated with gambling disorder, it is essential to understand the prevailing stereotypes. This study examines the stigma surrounding gambling disorder in Germany, with a particular focus on user comments on the video platform YouTube. Methods: The study employed a deep learning approach, combining guided topic modelling and qualitative summative content analysis, to analyse comments on YouTube videos. Initially, 84,024 comments were collected from 34 videos. After review, two videos featuring a person who had overcome gambling addiction were selected. These videos received significant user engagement in the comment section. An extended stigma dictionary was created based on existing literature and embeddings from the collected data. Results: The results of the study indicate that there is substantial amount of stigmatisation of gambling disorder in the selected comments. Gamblers suffering from gambling disorder are blamed for their distress and accused of irresponsibility. Gambling disorder is seen as a consequence of moral failure. In addition to stigmatising statements, the comments suggest the interpretation that many users are unaware that addiction develops over a period of time and may require professional treatment. In particular, adolescents and young adults, a group with a high prevalence of gambling-related disorders and active engagement with social media, represent a key target for destigmatisation efforts. Conclusions: It is essential to address the stigmatisation of gambling disorder, particularly among younger populations, in order to develop effective strategies to support treatment and help-seeking. The use of social media offers a comprehensive platform for the dissemination of information and the reduction of the stigmatisation of gambling disorder, for example by strengthening certain models of addiction.
Tannic acid and ethacridine lactate attenuate markers of stress-induced intestinal barrier dysfunctions in murine small intestinal organoids
(2025) Filipe Rosa, Louisa; Gonda, Steffen; Roese, Nadine; Bischoff, Stephan C.; Filipe Rosa, Louisa; Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;; Gonda, Steffen; MEDICE Arzneimittel Pütter GmbH & Co. KG, Kuhloweg 37, 58638 Iserlohn, Germany; Roese, Nadine; MEDICE Arzneimittel Pütter GmbH & Co. KG, Kuhloweg 37, 58638 Iserlohn, Germany; Bischoff, Stephan C.; Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;; Kwok, Hang Fai (Henry); Alaimo, Alessandro
(1) Background: Tannacomp® is a drug consisting of tannin albuminate, a complex of tannic acid (TA) and ethacridine lactate (Eta) used for treating acute and traveler’s diarrhea. TA is thought to modulate gastrointestinal barrier function, but the underlying mechanisms and whether Eta has similar effects remains unclear. (2) Methods: to investigate the effects of TA and Eta on the intestinal barrier, stress responses were induced in murine intestinal organoids by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure or withdrawal of growth factors from cell culture medium (GFRed). Further, organoids were exposed to either TA (0.01 mg/mL) or Eta (0.002 mg/mL) and markers of inflammatory response and gut barrier function were assessed. (3) Results: TA and Eta reduced several inflammatory markers such as interleukin 6, interleukin 1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 in stressed organoids. In addition, TA and Eta attenuated LPS- and GFRed-mediated gut barrier dysfunctions, with normalization of tight junction, adherent junction and mucin gene expression and reduction of Nod2- and matrix metalloproteinase 7-dependent activation of antimicrobial peptides. (4) Conclusions: our data show that TA and Eta modulate markers of inflammation and the intestinal barrier and suggest novel mechanisms of action of this drug that could broaden its treatment indications.
Impact of construction measures and heat emissions from the operation of underground power cables on spelt (Triticum spelta L.) growth and yield
(2025) Trenz, Jonas; Ingwersen, Joachim; Schade, Alexander; Memic, Emir; Hartung, Jens; Graeff-Hönninger, Simone
Germany decided to promote the energy supply toward low or zero-carbon sources by the middle of the century. Therefore, massive infrastructural investments in grid expansion are needed. These grid expansions will be conducted with 525 kV High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) cables, buried at a depth of 1.5 m, passing mainly through arable land. The expected main effects of these cables on soils and crops are caused by construction measures (soil excavation and backfilling of soil material) and soil warming caused by heat dissipation using HVDC. To date, the impact of subsoil warming on crop growth and yield has not been studied in detail. This study investigates the effects of construction measures and subsoil warming on a field scale level for a 2-yr data set (2022 and 2023) in South Germany. The intricate dynamics between construction measures and subsoil heating on spelt (Triticum spelta L.) growth and yield were analyzed in three treatments: 1) Heated Trench (HT), 2) Unheated Trench (UT), and 3) Control. Construction measures were conducted by excavating the soil with a triple lift method (separated into three layers: A-, B-, and C-layer), storing them separately in ground heaps, and backfilling according to their natural layering. The triple lift method resulted in a 12.1 % decrease in bulk density (BD) for UT and 8.9 % for HT in the subsoil compared to the Control. The changes in soil properties affected spelt growth and yield, resulting in a yield increase of 14 % for the UT treatment. Additional subsoil warming in the HT treatment increased the topsoil temperature by 1.2 °C and spelt yield by 24 %. The triple lift method showed promising results, minimizing the impacts on soil compaction and maintaining the spelt growth and yield level.
Mineral-ecological cropping systems mitigate biodiversity-productivity trade-offs of the organic vs. conventional farming dichotomy
(2024) Kasten, Marit Kinga; Witte, Felix; Sponagel, Christian; Bahrs, Enno; Köhler, Thomas; Morinière, Jérôme; Grass, Ingo; Kasten, Marit Kinga; Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 13, Stuttgart, Germany; Witte, Felix; Department of Farm Management, University of Hohenheim, Schwerzstrasse 44, Stuttgart, Germany; Sponagel, Christian; Department of Farm Management, University of Hohenheim, Schwerzstrasse 44, Stuttgart, Germany; Bahrs, Enno; Department of Farm Management, University of Hohenheim, Schwerzstrasse 44, Stuttgart, Germany; Köhler, Thomas; Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 13, Stuttgart, Germany; Morinière, Jérôme; AIM – Advanced Identification Methods GmbH, Niemeyerstr.1, Leipzig, Germany; Grass, Ingo; Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 13, Stuttgart, Germany
Conventional agriculture significantly reduces biodiversity, while organic farming promotes it, but often yields half as much. Addressing this biodiversity-productivity trade-off is crucial for future agriculture. Mineral-ecological cropping systems (MECS) have been suggested as an alternative, blending organic and conventional methods by avoiding chemical-synthetic pesticides and using mineral fertilizers. In a German experiment with 168 parcels, we compared MECS, conventional, and organic systems in terms of ecological and economic performance. Arthropod diversity was measured through standardized species collections and DNA-metabarcoding. Productivity was assessed via yields and economic profits. MECS showed similar arthropod diversity to other farming systems, achieved 90% of conventional crop yields, and produced 1.8 times of the organic yield. Profits from MECS were on average 37% higher than the conventional system with a short wheat-maize-soy crop rotation. Further farm-level studies are needed, but MECS could be a reasonable alternative to both organic and conventional farming and can mitigate biodiversity-productivity trade-offs.
The daily relations between workplace anger, coping strategies, work outcomes, and workplace affiliation
(2025) Umbra, Robin; Fasbender, Ulrike
This study examines the daily relations among workplace anger, coping strategies, work outcomes, and employee dispositions using a conceptual framework based on affective events theory and cognitive perspectives on emotions. A sample of 214 full-time employees took part in a two-week study, contributing 1,611 daily observations through an experience sampling approach. Contrary to the assumption that workplace anger always detrimentally relates to work outcomes, the results showed a nonsignificant relation between workplace anger and workplace resource depletion, as well as a positive link between workplace anger and goal achievement. These relations were dependent on the coping strategies used by employees in response to anger-inducing situations, as well as their attitudes toward workplace affiliation. These findings suggest the need to expand affective events theory to include coping strategies as a mediator between affective responses and work outcomes. They also highlight the importance of integrating employee-level factors into organizational research models.
Enhanced crop diversity but not smaller field size benefit bats in agricultural landscapes
(2025) Hiller, Thomas; Gall, Friederike; Grass, Ingo; Hiller, Thomas; Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Gall, Friederike; Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Grass, Ingo; Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
Context: Farmland biodiversity continues to decline due to the expansion and intensification of agriculture. Historically, efforts to conserve farmland biodiversity have focused on conserving habitats outside agricultural production areas. More recently, attention has turned to the conservation potential of the cropland matrix, where reducing field size and increasing crop diversity to promote crop heterogeneity can significantly benefit farmland biodiversity. Bats are one group of farmland species that have experienced dramatic declines over recent decades. Objectives: Here we investigated the effects of crop heterogeneity (crop diversity, field size) and landscape structural elements (e.g. length of linear structures, distance to forest, proportion of semi-natural habitat) on the activity of bat functional groups. Results: Increasing crop diversity led to greater bat activity, especially for open space foraging bats. However, contrary expectations, bat activity was not affected by heterogeneity in crop configuration, i.e. field edge density. Furthermore, structural landscape elements, including hedgerows and distance to forest, were important predictors of bat activity, especially for species that hunt in highly cluttered spaces. While crop diversity clearly benefited bat activity, the lack of effect of crop configurational heterogeneity on bat foraging activity may suggest heterogeneityarea trade-offs and intensive pesticide use in small-scale vegetable production. Conclusions: Therefore, in addition to maintaining high levels of crop diversity, promoting hedgerows and tree lines between farmland and woodland may facilitate bat activity across the agricultural landscape matrix. The combination of high crop heterogeneity and structural elements provides favorable hunting grounds for bats and may promote their conservation in agricultural landscapes.
Digital maturity of administration entities in a state-led food certification system using the example of Baden-Württemberg
(2025) Francksen, Sabrina; Ghaziani, Shahin; Bahrs, Enno; Okpala, Charles Odilichukwu R.
Digital transformation is increasingly relevant in food certification systems, improving processes, coordination, and data accessibility. In state-led certification systems, public entities hold a political mandate to promote digital transformation, yet little is known about digital maturity in these systems or how to assess it. This study assesses the digital maturity of a state-led food certification system in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, focusing on private sector stakeholders involved in its administration. Additionally, it examines potential measures that the governing public entity can take and evaluates the suitability of the methods used. A total of 25 out of 43 organisations were surveyed using the Digital Maturity Assessment (DMA) framework validated for the European Union (EU). Six dimensions were analysed: Digital Business Strategy, Digital Readiness, Human-Centric Digitalisation, Data Management, Automation and Artificial Intelligence, and Green Digitalisation. Data Management and Human-Centric Digitalisation were the most developed, highlighting strong data governance and workforce engagement. Automation and Artificial Intelligence were ranked lowest, reflecting minimal adoption but also indicating that not all dimensions might be of the same relevance for the variety of organisations. The variability in scores and organisation-specific relevance underscores the European DMA framework’s value, particularly due to its subsequent tailored consultation process and its integration into EU policy.
Prevalence, genetic diversity, and molecular detection of the apple hammerhead viroid in Germany
(2025) Zikeli, Kerstin; Berwarth, Constanze; Born, Ute; Leible, Thomas; Jelkmann, Wilhelm; Hagemann, Michael Helmut; Zikeli, Kerstin; Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Dossenheim, Germany; Berwarth, Constanze; Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Dossenheim, Germany; Born, Ute; Department of Production Systems of Horticultural Crops, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Leible, Thomas; Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Dossenheim, Germany; Jelkmann, Wilhelm; Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Dossenheim, Germany; Hagemann, Michael Helmut; Department of Production Systems of Horticultural Crops, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
Introduction: Apple hammerhead viroid (AHVd) is an emerging plant pathogen infecting apple orchards worldwide. Its genetic variability and geographical distribution remain poorly understood, limiting effective diagnostics and management strategies. Methods: In this study, 192 samples from German apple orchards were analyzed using reverse transcription (RT) and real-time PCR, one-step RT real-time PCR, and Sanger sequencing. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was employed on pooled RNA extracts to explore genetic diversity. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using maximum likelihood methods, and viroid-derived small RNAs (vd-sRNAs) were identified from small RNA sequencing data. Results and discussion: AHVd was detected in 78% of samples, with prevalence varying by region: southern (82%), eastern (90%), northern (72%), and western (70%) states of Germany. Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct clusters linked to geographical origins, indicating isolated evolutionary pathways. NGS analysis uncovered 39% inter-sample variability and 169 polymorphic positions, while Sanger sequencing of RT real-time PCR products derived from the same samples showed only 3% variability, reflecting dominant quasispecies populations. Small RNA analysis mapped 128,388 reads to the AHVd genome, identifying hotspots within and outside the rod-like structure, suggesting structural and regulatory functions of vd-sRNAs. These findings underline AHVd’s genetic diversity. The complex relationship between AHVd genetic variability and symptom expression necessitates the development of highly sensitive diagnostic tools and adaptive management strategies to effectively monitor and control its spread in apple production.

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