Institut für Ernährungsmedizin

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Capsaicin attenuates the effect of inflammatory cytokines in a HaCaT cell model for basal keratinocytes
(2024) Cervantes Recalde, Maria Fernanda; Schmidt, Jana; Girardi, Cristina; Massironi, Marco; Rechl, Markus Leo; Hans, Joachim; Stuhlmann, Dominik; Somoza, Veronika; Lieder, Barbara
Introduction: The resolution of the skin’s inflammatory response is only possible if its barrier function is restored. TRPV1 channel activation plays an important role during inflammation but the effect of this activation on the skin barrier under inflammatory conditions has not been clarified. We hypothesize that it could potentially aid the keratinocyte barrier by reducing inflammatory cytokine release and promoting tight junction development. Methods: To explore the role of TRPV1 activation in inflammation, we designed and optimized an in vitro model of keratinocytes with basal epidermal layer characteristics using HaCaT cells and TNFα to induce inflammation. Results: TNFα increased the gene expression of tight junction protein claudin 1 (CLDN1) by at least 2.60 ± 0.16-fold, in a concentration-dependent manner, over a 48 h period. The administration of a capsaicin pre-treatment reduced the CLDN1 expression to 1.51 ± 0.16-fold during the first 6 h after TNFα induction, whereas IL-8 cytokine release was reduced 0.64 ± 0.17-fold. After 48 h, CLDN1 protein levels increased by a factor of 6.57 ± 1.39 compared to cells only treated with TNFα. Discussion: These results suggest that activation of TRPV1 by capsaicin can potentiate the increase in CLDN1 expression and CLDN1 protein synthesis induced by TNFα in cultured keratinocytes, while reducing the release of IL-8.
Consumption of yeast-fermented wheat and rye breads increases colitis and mortality in a mouse model of colitis
(2022) Zimmermann, Julia; De Fazio, Luigia; Kaden-Volynets, Valentina; Hitzmann, Bernd; Bischoff, Stephan C.
Background: Cereals are known to trigger for wheat allergy, celiac disease and non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS). Inflammatory processes and intestinal barrier impairment are suspected to be involved in NCWS, although the molecular triggers are unclear. Aims: We were interested if different bread types influence inflammatory processes and intestinal barrier function in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease. Methods: Epithelial caspase-8 gene knockout (Casp8 ΔIEC ) and control (Casp8 fl ) mice were randomized to eight groups, respectively. The groups received different diets for 28 days (gluten-free diet, gluten-rich diet 5 g%, or different types of bread at 50 g%). Breads varied regarding grain, milling and fermentation. All diets were isocaloric. Results: Regardless of the diet, Casp8 ΔIEC mice showed pronounced inflammation in colon compared to ileum, whereas Casp8 fl mice were hardly inflamed. Casp8 fl mice could tolerate all bread types. Especially yeast fermented rye and wheat bread from superfine flour but not pure gluten challenge increased colitis and mortality in Casp8 ΔIEC mice. Hepatic expression of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and colonic expression of tumor necrosis factor-α genes were inversely related to survival. The bread diets, but not the gluten-rich diet, also decreased colonic tight junction expression to variable degrees, without clear association to survival and inflammation. Conclusions: Bread components, especially those from yeast-fermented breads from wheat and rye, increase colitis and mortality in Casp8 ΔIEC mice highly susceptible to intestinal inflammation, whereas control mice can tolerate all types of bread without inflammation. Yet unidentified bread components other than gluten seem to play the major role.
Editorial: Methods in molecular innate immunity: 2022
(2025) Fritz, Jörg H.; Kufer, Thomas A.
Estimating family shopping behavior: a multi‐perspective approach to understanding grocery shopping
(2024) Hummel, Gerrit; Nützel, Annalena; Eder, Cora; Strubich, Patrick Thomas; Stroebele‐Benschop, Nanette
This study examines weekly shopping trips of young families using a multi‐perspective approach that considers psychological personality traits, situational influences, and socio‐demographic factors to explain food purchases. Over a period of 4 weeks, the data of 60 shoppers and their families as well as 217 purchases were recorded using questionnaires and receipts. Analysis showed that personality traits and socio‐demographic data are good predictors of food purchases. The study provides insights into the complexity of shopping behavior, shows the need for multi‐perspective approaches, and enables the derivation of strategies to optimize healthy shopping behavior for young families.
High physical activity is associated with decreased fungiform papillae area and number, elevated sucrose recognition thresholds, and increased IL-6 levels: an observational human study
(2025) Kimmeswenger, Isabella; Gaider, Marlies; Doppelmayer, Kevin; Ley, Jakob P.; Lieder, Barbara
Background: Disease-related inflammation affects chemosensory signaling, but knowledge on the impact of exercise-induced low-grade inflammation on taste function remains scarce. Here we hypothesized that intense habitual physical activity modifies sweet taste perception via increased cytokine release. Methods: In an observational human study we compared participants (m/f) engaging in high (n = 34) and low (n = 31) levels of habitual physical activity. Salivary IL-6 and urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α levels, body composition, sucrose recognition threshold, preference and consumption of sweet foods, size and area of fungiform papillae as well as selected hormones regulating food intake were recorded. Statistical analysis was conducted using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) followed by Student’s t-tests and multiple regression models. Results: The PCA summarized the main outcome variables to two principal components (PC). PC1 was primarily influenced by body composition and fungiform papillae markers, while sucrose recognition thresholds, sweet food consumption, and IL-6 levels strongly contributed to PC2. Compared to the low activity group, the high activity group showed on average an increased sucrose recognition threshold (+ 35.8 ± 12.8%), increased IL-6 concentrations (+ 25.6 ± 10.9%), higher consumptions of sweet foods (+ 18.8 ± 4.9%) and decreased number (24.8 ± 4.9%) and area (-29.8 ± 6.4%) of fungiform papillae. Conclusions: The association between modified sweet taste function markers and increased IL-6 levels suggests that inflammatory processes may contribute to exercise-related changes in chemosensory perception.
Impaired metal perception and regulation of associated human foliate papillae tongue transcriptome in long-COVID-19
(2024) Danzer, Barbara; Jukic, Mateo; Dunkel, Andreas; Andersen, Gaby; Lieder, Barbara; Schaudy, Erika; Stadlmayr, Sarah; Lietard, Jory; Michel, Timm; Krautwurst, Dietmar; Haller, Bernhard; Knolle, Percy; Somoza, Mark; Lingor, Paul; Somoza, Veronika
Chemosensory impairment is an outstanding symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infections. We hypothesized that measured sensory impairments are accompanied by transcriptomic changes in the foliate papillae area of the tongue. Hospital personnel with known SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) status completed questionnaires on sensory perception ( n = 158). A subcohort of n = 141 participated in forced choice taste tests, and n = 43 participants consented to donate tongue swabs of the foliate papillae area for whole transcriptome analysis. The study included four groups of participants differing in IgG levels (≥ 10 AU/mL = IgG + ; < 10 AU/mL = IgG - ) and self-reported sensory impairment (SSI ± ). IgG + subjects not detecting metallic taste had higher IgG + levels than IgG + participants detecting iron gluconate ( p = 0.03). Smell perception was the most impaired biological process in the transcriptome data from IgG + /SSI + participants subjected to gene ontology enrichment. IgG + /SSI + subjects demonstrated lower expression levels of 166 olfactory receptors (OR) and 9 taste associated receptors (TAS) of which OR1A2, OR2J2, OR1A1, OR5K1 and OR1G1, as well as TAS2R7 are linked to metallic perception. The question raised by this study is whether odorant receptors on the tongue (i) might play a role in metal sensation, and (ii) are potential targets for virus-initiated sensory impairments, which needs to be investigated in future functional studies.
Multidisciplinary study of the health and nutritional status of persons living in households at risk of poverty with children in Germany (MEGA_kids): study design and methods
(2024) Simmet, Anja; Ehret, Janine; Schleicher, Romy; Teut, Michael; Hummel, Gerrit; Bschaden, Andreas; Stroebele-Benschop, Nanette
Background: In Germany, the nutritional situation of adults and children living in households at risk of poverty has been insufficiently studied so far. Aim: The aim of the mixed-methods study MEGA_kids is to gain a deeper understanding of the nutritional situation including socioeconomic, behavioral, and attitudinal factors and health characteristics among persons living in families at risk of poverty. Method: MEGA_kids is a mixed-methods cross-sectional study consisting of four modules combining quantitative and qualitative methods. The first module (A) applies self-administered questionnaires to assess the individual's diet, household food insecurity, and several other factors among adults and children of 500 households. Cash receipts are used to assess household's food expenses. For the second module (B), a semistructured interview guide is used to identify factors influencing food security and nutritional quality from the perspective of a subsample of module A (n = 20). The third module (C) applies the participatory World Café technique to explore experiences and generate ideas for tailored support measures for a healthy diet from the perspective of 40 parents participating in module A. Finally, the fourth module (D) investigates the knowledge and usage of existing nutrition-related preventive measures among 200 parents at risk of poverty by using an online questionnaire. Conclusion: By providing a comprehensive picture of nutritional aspects of families living at risk of poverty, MEGA_kids will guide officials to target and prioritize public health nutrition measures, inform policy makers to implement and improve healthy policies and, finally, identify research gaps to be prioritized.
Outcomes addressed in randomized controlled lifestyle intervention trials in community‐dwelling older people with (sarcopenic) obesity - an evidence map
(2022) Galicia Ernst, Isabel; Torbahn, Gabriel; Schwingshackl, Lukas; Knüttel, Helge; Kob, Robert; Kemmler, Wolfgang; Sieber, Cornel C.; Batsis, John A.; Villareal, Dennis T.; Ströbele-Benschop, Nanette; Visser, Marjolein; Volkert, Dorothee; Kiesswetter, Eva; Schoene, Daniel
Obesity and sarcopenic obesity (SO) are characterized by excess body fat with or without low muscle mass affecting bio‐psycho‐social health, functioning, and subsequently quality of life in older adults. We mapped outcomes addressed in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on lifestyle interventions in community‐dwelling older people with (sarcopenic) obesity. Systematic searches in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Web of Science were conducted. Two reviewers independently performed screening and extracted data on outcomes, outcome domains, assessment methods, units, and measurement time. A bubble chart and heat maps were generated to visually display results. Fifty‐four RCTs (7 in SO) reporting 464 outcomes in the outcome domains: physical function (n = 42), body composition/anthropometry (n = 120), biomarkers (n = 190), physiological (n = 30), psychological (n = 47), quality of life (n = 14), pain (n = 4), sleep (n = 2), medications (n = 3), and risk of adverse health events (n = 5) were included. Heterogeneity in terms of outcome definition, assessment methods, measurement units, and measurement times was found. Psychological and quality of life domains were investigated in a minority of studies. There is almost no information beyond 52 weeks. This evidence map is the first step of a harmonization process to improve comparability of RCTs in older people with (sarcopenic) obesity and facilitate the derivation of evidence‐based clinical decisions.
Potentially beneficial effects on healthy aging by supplementation of the EPA-rich microalgae phaeodactylum tricornutum or its supernatant - a randomized controlled pilot trial in elderly individuals
(2022) Stiefvatter, Lena; Frick, Konstantin; Lehnert, Katja; Vetter, Walter; Montoya-Arroyo, Alexander; Frank, Jan; Schmid-Staiger, Ulrike; Bischoff, Stephan C.
Dietary supplements that promote healthy aging are mostly warranted in an aging society. Because of age-related risks, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative agents such as microalgae are potential candidates for intervention. In a randomized controlled trial, we tested Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PT), a microalgae rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), carotenoids, vitamins, and β-glucans, cultured in bioreactors. In this pilot trial, 19 healthy elderly received supplements for two weeks based on either the whole PT (A), the β-1,3-glucan-rich PT supernatant (SupB), the combination thereof (A+SupB), or a Comparator product (Comp). The primary outcome variable plasma interleukin-6 was reduced after treatment with A+SupB compared to the Comp group (p = 0.04). The mobility parameters 5 s sit-to-stand test (p = 0.04 in the A group) and by trend gait speed (p = 0.08 in the A+SupB diet) were improved compared to Comp. No treatment effects were observed for fatty acids, compared to Comp but omega-6 to -3 fatty acid ratio (p = 0.006) and arachidonic acid/EPA ratio (p = 0.006) were reduced within group A+SupB. Further, the SupB study product reduced faecal zonulin (p = 0.03) compared to the Comp. The data revealed an anti-inflammatory and potentially anti-oxidative effect of particular PT preparations, suggesting that they might be suitable for effects in healthy elderly.
Predictors of cardiopulmonary fitness in cancer-affected and -unaffected women with a pathogenic germline variant in the genes BRCA1/2 (LIBRE-1)
(2022) Berling-Ernst, Anika; Yahiaoui-Doktor, Maryam; Kiechle, Marion; Engel, Christoph; Lammert, Jacqueline; Grill, Sabine; Dukatz, R.; Rhiem, Kerstin; Baumann, F. T.; Bischoff, Stephan C.; Erickson, N.; Schmidt, Thorsten; Niederberger, Uwe; Siniatchkin, M.; Halle, Martin
Physical activity (PA) helps prevention and aftercare of sporadic breast cancer (BC), cardiopulmonary fitness (CPF) being an age-independent predictor of tumor-specific mortality. Therefore, we wanted to identify predictors of CPF (represented by peak oxygen uptake: VO2peak) in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers whose risk of developing BC is high. We used cross-sectional data from 68 BRCA1/2 germline mutation carrying women participating in the randomized, prospective, controlled clinical study LIBRE-1. Assessments included cardiopulmonary exercise testing, medical and lifestyle history plus socioeconomic status. Additionally, the participants completed a psychological questionnaire regarding their attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control and intention towards PA. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify predictors for participants reaching their age- and sex-adjusted VO2peak reference values. 22 participants (median age: 40 years, interquartile range (IQR) 33–46) were cancer-unaffected and 46 cancer-affected (median age: 44 years, IQR 35–50). The strongest predictor for reaching the reference VO2peak value was attitude towards PA (Odds Ratio 3.0; 95% Confidence Interval 1.3–8.4; p = 0.021). None of the other predictors showed a significant association. A positive attitude towards PA seems to be associated with VO2peak, which should be considered in developing therapeutic and preventive strategies.Trial registrations: NCT02087592; DRKS00005736.
Resveratrol attenuates mast cell mediated allergic reactions: Potential for use as a nutraceutical in allergic diseases?
(2022) Civelek, Mehtap; Bilotta, Sabrina; Lorentz, Axel
Allergic diseases are one of the most common health disorders affecting about 30% of the world population. Mast cells (MCs) are key effector cells of allergic reactions by releasing proinflammatory mediators including histamine, lipid mediators, and cytokines/chemokines. Natural substances like secondary plant substances such as resveratrol (RESV), which can contribute to prevention and treatment of diseases, are becoming increasingly interesting for use as nutraceuticals. In this review, the anti‐inflammatory effects of RESV on MC‐mediated allergic reactions in vitro and in vivo models are summarized. The studies indicate that RESV inhibits MC degranulation, synthesis of arachidonic acid metabolites, expression of cytokines and chemokines as well as activation of signal molecules involved in proinflammatory mechanisms. Also, beneficial impacts by this polyphenol are reported in randomized controlled trials with allergic rhinitis patients. Although it cannot yet be concluded that RESV can be used successfully in allergy patients in general, there are many results that indicate a possible role for RESV for use as an anti‐inflammatory nutraceutical. However, strategies to favorably influence the poor bioavailability of RESV would be helpful.
The role of the circadian clock, the microbiome and time-restricted feeding on the development and treatment of colitis
(2025) Haasis, Eva Annett Kristin; Lorentz, Axel
Mammals possess an internal circadian clock in almost all tissues that regulates biochemical and physiological processes over the course of 24 hours. In detail, transcription-translation feedback loops regulate the oscillation of genes over 24 hours. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are chronic immune activations and inflammations in the gastrointestinal tract. The etiology of IBD is not completely understood, but is associated with a disrupted circadian clock, e.g. shift work is an increased risk factor for the development of IBD. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the relationship between circadian clock and IBD. Altered light/dark cycles, consisting of four hours of light and four hours of darkness, were used to disrupt the circadian rhythm in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model and an IL-10 knockout (IL-10-/-) mouse model. Food intake is an important Zeitgeber for the circadian clock. Therefore, the potential of time-restricted feeding (TRF) to restore disturbed circadian rhythms and as a therapy for IBD should be investigated. Since fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could also be a possible therapy against colitis by improving the composition of the gut microbiota, the transferability of inflammatory and healthy phenotypes by fecal transplantation should be investigated. As bacterial supplementation, both a bacterium that prevents colitis and a bacterium that potentially promotes colitis were used. DSS treatment over eight days only led to early signs of inflammation and was slightly influenced by external light disruption with alternating 4 hours of light and 4 hours of darkness. The protocol for DSS treatment may not have been well suited. The same light disruption led to different results in IL-10-/- mice in two experiments. While in the first experiment an external light disruption led to an increased incidence of colitis and higher inflammation levels, these results were no longer present in the second experiment. The external light disruption led neither to an increased incidence of colitis nor to increased inflammation values. A further experiment, in which samples were taken every six hours, showed that the external light disruption had an effect in wild type (WT) animals and led to a disruption of circadian gene expression. In IL-10-/- mice, the expression of circadian genes was already disrupted at a normal light/dark rhythm of 12 hours/12 hours and further disruption by external light conditions was not possible, which could be an explanation for the different results regarding the occurrence of colitis in IL-10-/- mice with a disrupted light/dark rhythm. Eight-hour restricted feeding of IL-10-/- mice resulted in reduced incidence of colitis, low levels of inflammation and improved circadian clock expression independent of external circadian clock disruption, suggesting that TRF is an effective and useful therapeutic approach for colitis. This observation should be further tested in human studies. Administration of the fecal microbiota of mice with an inflammatory phenotype only led to increased inflammation levels, while an influence of the litter affiliation of the mice was also found in histologic scores and intestinal clock gene expression. Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) was given as a colitis-promoting bacterium and led to increased gene expression of inflammatory markers and tight junction proteins, while Lactobacillus taiwanensis (L. taiwanensis), as a potentially colitis-preventing bacterium, improved the expression of the intestinal circadian clock. Neither FMT nor bacterial supplementation had any influence on the occurrence of colitis. The transfer of different phenotypes by FMT was only possible to a limited extent and does not appear to be an effective treatment option for colitis. A. muciniphila can be regarded as an inflammation-promoting bacterium, while a probiotic effect of L. taiwanensis could not be confirmed. In summary, this thesis has shown that a disrupted circadian clock is associated with intestinal inflammation and that TRF reduces inflammation and delays the onset of colitis, suggesting that TRF may be an effective therapy for intestinal inflammation.
Sucrose reduction with maintained sweetness level lowers glycemic fluctuations and energy intake in healthy males
(2025) Gaider, Marlies; Kimmeswenger, Isabella; Schmidt, Jana; Thines, Cynthia; Wu, Anni; Stoffl, Teresa K.; Rust, Petra; Ley, Jakob P.; Krammer, Gerhard E.; Somoza, Veronika; Lieder, Barbara; Gaider, Marlies; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Taste Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Kimmeswenger, Isabella; Vienna Doctoral School of Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Schmidt, Jana; Department Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Clinical Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Thines, Cynthia; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Taste Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Wu, Anni; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Taste Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Stoffl, Teresa K.; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Taste Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Rust, Petra; Department of Nutrional Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ley, Jakob P.; Symrise AG, Holzminden, Germany; Krammer, Gerhard E.; Symrise AG, Holzminden, Germany; Somoza, Veronika; Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Introduction: The sole perception of sweet taste is discussed to interfere with postprandial blood glucose regulation and leading to enhanced cravings for sweet foods. This raises the question whether preserving sweetness while reducing sugar in a test solution can sustain beneficial effects on blood glucose regulation and subsequently decrease postprandial energy intake. Specifically, we hypothesized that reducing the caloric load of a sucrose solution while maintaining the perceived sweetness intensity by adding hesperetin as a taste modifier attenuates large fluctuations in postprandial blood glucose concentrations with beneficial effects on appetite and cravings for sweet foods. Methods: In a randomized crossover study with 32 healthy male participants, the effect of a 10% sucrose solution on blood glucose regulation and energy intake was compared to an equi-sweet 7% sucrose solution with 50 mg/L hesperetin. Data was analyzed using paired Student’s t-tests or Repeated-measures ANOVA. The study was approved by the ethical committee of the University of Vienna (approval number 00903) and registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05705596). Results: The results show that the decline in blood glucose concentrations was less pronounced after consumption of the 7% sucrose solution with hesperetin than after the isosweet 10% sucrose solution. Additionally, participants reported less desire for a sweet snack and had on average a 10 ± 7% (p < 0.05) lower energy intake after consumption of the 7% sucrose hesperetin-spiked solution. Conclusion: In conclusion, our results argue for a pronounced role of the carbohydrate content in postprandial appetite regulation.

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